Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
SECOND DIVISION
G.R. No. 180462 February 9, 2011
SOUTH PACIFIC SUGAR CORPORATION and SOUTH EAST ASIA SUGAR MILL CORPORATION, Petitioners,
vs.
COURT OF APPEALS and SUGAR REGULATORY ADMINISTRATION, Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
CARPIO, J.:
The Case
This is a petition for review on certiorari1 of the 6 November 2007 Decision2 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 100571, which set aside the 26 June 2007, 6 August 2007, and 31 August 2007 Orders3 as well as the 6 September 2007 Writ of Execution and the 12 September 2007 Amended Writ of Execution of the Regional Trial Court (Branch 77) of Quezon City in Civil Case No. Q-02-46236.
The Facts
In 1999, the government projected a shortage of some 500,000 metric tons of sugar due to the effects of El Niño and La Niña phenomena. To fill the expected shortage and to ensure stable sugar prices, then President Joseph Ejercito Estrada issued Executive Order No. 87, Series of 1999 (EO 87),4 facilitating sugar importation by the private sector.
Section 2 of EO 87 created a Committee on Sugar Conversion/Auction to determine procedures for sugar importation as well as for collection and remittance of conversion fee.
Under Section 3 of EO 87, sugar conversion is by auction and is subject to conversion fee to be remitted by respondent Sugar Regulatory Administration (SRA) to the Bureau of Treasury.
On 3 May 1999, the Committee on Sugar Conversion/Auction issued the Bidding Rules providing guidelines for sugar importation. Under the Bidding Rules, the importer pays 25% of the conversion fee within three working days from receipt of notice of the bid award and the 75% balance upon arrival of the imported sugar.
The Bidding Rules also provide that if the importer fails to make the importation or if the imported sugar fails to arrive on or before the set arrival date, 25% of the conversion fee is forfeited in favor of the SRA, to wit:
G. Forfeiture of Conversion Fee
G.1 In case of failure of the importer to make the importation or for the imported sugar to arrive in the Philippines on or before the Arrival Date, the 25% of Conversion Fee Bid already paid shall be forfeited in favor of the SRA and the imported sugar shall not be classified as "B" (domestic sugar) unless, upon application with the SRA and without objection of the Committee, the SRA allows such conversion after payment by the importer of 100% of the Conversion Fee applicable to the shipment.5 (Emphasis supplied)
The SRA forthwith authorized the importation of 300,000 metric tons of sugar, to be made in three tranches, as follows:
| Tranche |
Volume |
Arrival Date |
| 1st |
100,000MT |
15 May-15 June 1999 |
| 2nd |
100,000MT |
15 June-July 15 1999 |
| 3rd |
100,000MT |
15 July-15 August 19996 |
The Committee on Sugar Conversion/Auction caused the publication of the invitation to bid. Several sugar importers submitted sealed bid tenders. Petitioners Southeast Asia Sugar Mill Corporation (Sugar Mill) and South Pacific Sugar Corporation (Pacific Sugar) emerged as winning bidders for the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd tranches.
For the 3rd tranche, Sugar Mill submitted the winning bid of ₱286.80 per 50 kilogram for 10,000 metric tons of sugar, while Pacific Sugar submitted the winning bid of ₱285.99 per 50 kilogram for 20,000 metric tons of sugar, for a combined total volume of 30,000 metric tons of sugar.
Pursuant to the Bidding Rules, Sugar Mill paid 25% of the conversion fee amounting to ₱14,340,000.00, while Pacific Sugar paid 25% of the conversion fee amounting to ₱28,599,000.00.
As it turned out, Sugar Mill and Pacific Sugar (sugar corporations) delivered only 10% of their sugar import allocation, or a total of only 3,000 metric tons of sugar. They requested the SRA to cancel the remaining 27,000 metric tons of sugar import allocation blaming sharp decline in sugar prices. The sugar corporations sought immediate reimbursement of the corresponding 25% of the conversion fee amounting to ₱38,637,000.00.
The SRA informed the sugar corporations that the conversion fee would be forfeited pursuant to paragraph G.1 of the Bidding Rules. The SRA also notified the sugar corporations that the authority to reconsider their request for reimbursement was vested with the Committee on Sugar Conversion/Auction.
On 26 February 2002, the sugar corporations filed a complaint for breach of contract and damages in the Regional Trial Court (Branch 77) of Quezon City, docketed as Civil Case No. Q-02-46236.
In its notice of appearance,7 the Office of the Solicitor General (OSG) deputized Atty. Raul Labay of the SRA’s legal department to assist the OSG in this case, thus:
Please be informed that Atty. Raul M. Labay has been authorized to appear in this case, and therefore, should also be furnished with notices of hearings, orders, resolutions, decisions, and other processes. However, as the Solicitor General retains supervision and control of the representation in this case and has to approve withdrawal of the case, non-appeal, or other actions which appear to compromise the interests of the Government, only notices of orders, resolutions, and decisions served on him will bind the party represented.8
The Ruling of the RTC
The RTC held that paragraph G.1 of the Bidding Rules contemplated delay in the arrival of imported sugar, not cancellation of sugar importation. It concluded that the forfeiture provision did not apply to the sugar corporations which merely cancelled the sugar importation. In its 19 December 2006 Decision,9 the RTC ruled, thus:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby rendered in favor of the plaintiffs, ORDERING the defendant Sugar Regulatory Administration to pay plaintiffs the amount of ₱38,637,000.00 as reimbursement of 25% of the conversion fee they paid in 1999. The claim for legal interests, compensatory damages, exemplary damages, and attorney’s fees is hereby DENIED.
SO ORDERED.10
On 5 January 2007, the OSG received its copy of the RTC Decision.11 On 24 January 2007, the deputized SRA counsel, Atty. Raul Labay, received his own copy of the Decision and filed a notice of appeal on 7 February 2007.12
The sugar corporations moved to expunge the notice of appeal on the ground that only the OSG, as the principal counsel, can decide whether an appeal should be made. The sugar corporations stressed that a lawyer deputized by the OSG has no authority to decide whether an appeal should be made.
The OSG filed its opposition13 to the motion to expunge the notice of appeal. The OSG pointed out that in its notice of appearance,14 it authorized SRA counsel Atty. Labay to assist the OSG in this case.
In its 26 June 2007 Order, the RTC granted the motion to expunge the notice of appeal. The OSG moved for reconsideration stressing that the OSG ratified Atty. Labay’s filing of a notice of appeal. The RTC, in its 6 August 2007 Order, denied the OSG’s motion for reconsideration.
In its 31 August 2007 Order, the RTC granted the sugar corporations’ motion for execution, to wit:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the plaintiffs’ motion for execution is hereby granted. Accordingly, issue a writ of execution for the enforcement of the decision rendered in this case.
SO ORDERED.15
Accordingly, the RTC issued on 6 September 2007 a Writ of Execution and on 12 September 2007 an Amended Writ of Execution.
Aggrieved, the SRA filed in the Court of Appeals a petition for certiorari under Rule 65 seeking to set aside the RTC’s 26 June 2007, 6 August 2007, and 31 August 2007 Orders as well as the 6 September 2007 Writ of Execution and the 12 September 2007 Amended Writ of Execution.
The Ruling of the Court of Appeals
The Court of Appeals held that the deputized SRA counsel had authority to file a notice of appeal. The appellate court thus directed the RTC to give due course to the appeal that Atty. Labay timely filed. The decretal part of its 6 November 2007 Decision reads:
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the present petition is hereby GIVEN DUE COURSE and the writ prayed for accordingly GRANTED. The Orders dated June 26, 2007, August 6, 2007, and August 31, 2007, as well as the Writ of Execution dated September 6, 2007 and Amended Writ of Execution dated September 12, 2007 issued in Civil Case No. Q-02-46236 of the Regional Trial Court of Quezon City, Branch 77 are hereby all ANNULLED and SET ASIDE. Said court is hereby DIRECTED to GIVE DUE COURSE to the Notice of Appeal dated February 7, 2007 filed by Atty. Raul M. Labay in behalf of petitioner Sugar Regulatory Administration.
No pronouncement as to costs.
SO ORDERED.16
Dissatisfied with the decision of the Court of Appeals, the sugar corporations filed in this Court a petition for review on certiorari.
The Issues
The issues are (1) whether a deputized SRA counsel may file a notice of appeal and (2) whether the sugar corporations are entitled to reimbursement of ₱38,637,000.00 in conversion fee.
The Court’s Ruling
The petition lacks merit.
The sugar corporations contend that the deputized SRA counsel, Atty. Labay, was not authorized to file a notice of appeal; that the OSG, as the principal counsel, had the sole authority to file a notice of appeal; that certiorari may not be interposed as a substitute for the lost remedy of appeal; and that the subject conversion fee amounting to ₱38,637,000.00 remained as private funds in view of its summary forfeiture and as such, it could not be deemed part of public funds.
The OSG counters that assuming Atty. Labay had no authority to file the notice of appeal, the defect was cured when the OSG subsequently filed its opposition to the sugar corporations’ motion to expunge the notice of appeal. The OSG claims that if the denial of the appeal is sustained, the SRA would no longer have a remedy to assail the RTC decision adjudging it liable to reimburse the sugar corporations ₱38,637,000.00 in conversion fee despite the admitted failure of the sugar corporations to comply with their contractual undertaking to import sugar.
The deputized SRA counsel may file a notice of appeal.
Section 35, Chapter 12, Title III, Book IV of the Administrative Code of 198717 authorizes the OSG to represent the SRA, a government agency established pursuant to Executive Order No. 18, Series of 1986,18 in any litigation, proceeding, investigation, or matter requiring the services of lawyers. It provides:
SEC. 35. Powers and Functions. – The Office of the Solicitor General shall represent the Government of the Philippines, its agencies and instrumentalities and its officials and agents in any litigation, proceeding, investigation, or matter requiring the services of lawyers. When authorized by the President or head of the office concerned, it shall also represent government owned or controlled corporations. The Office of the Solicitor General shall constitute the law office of the Government and, as such, shall discharge duties requiring the services of lawyers. (Emphasis supplied)
The OSG is empowered to deputize legal officers of government departments, bureaus, agencies, and offices in cases involving their respective offices. Paragraph 8 of the same section reads:
(8) Deputize legal officers of government departments, bureaus, agencies, and offices to assist the Solicitor General and appear or represent the Government in cases involving their respective offices, brought before the courts and exercise supervision and control over such legal officers with respect to such cases. (Emphasis supplied)
In National Power Corporation v. Vine Development Corporation,19 this Court ruled that the deputization by the OSG of NAPOCOR counsels in cases involving the NAPOCOR included the authority to file a notice of appeal. The Court explained that the OSG could have withdrawn the appeal if it believed that the appeal would not advance the government’s cause. The Court held that even if the deputized NAPOCOR counsel had no authority to file a notice of appeal, the defect was cured by the OSG’s subsequent manifestation that the deputized NAPOCOR counsel had authority to file a notice of appeal.
The sugar corporations’ reliance on another NAPOCOR case, National Power Corporation v. NLRC,20 is misplaced. There, service of the decision was never made on the OSG, the principal counsel for NAPOCOR. Only the deputized NAPOCOR counsel was served a copy of the decision. Hence, the Court held that the period to appeal the decision did not commence to run. The Court explained that service of the decision on the deputized NAPOCOR counsel was insufficient and not binding on the OSG. This was why the Court stated in that case that the deputized NAPOCOR counsel had no authority to decide whether an appeal should be made.
Noteworthy, in National Power Corporation v. Vine Development Corporation, both the OSG and the deputized NAPOCOR counsel were served copies of the decision subject of the appeal. In National Power Corporation v. NLRC, only the deputized NAPOCOR counsel was furnished a copy of the appealed decision. Hence, the differing rulings by this Court.
In the present case, records show that both the OSG and the deputized SRA counsel were served copies of the RTC decision subject of the appeal. Thus, what applies is National Power Corporation v. Vine Development Corporation. Applying here the doctrine laid down in the said case, deputized SRA counsel Atty. Labay is, without a doubt, authorized to file a notice of appeal.
Assuming Atty. Labay had no authority to file a notice of appeal, such defect was cured when the OSG subsequently filed its opposition to the motion to expunge the notice of appeal. As the OSG explained, its reservation21 to "approve the withdrawal of the case, the non-appeal, or other actions which appear to compromise the interest of the government" was meant to protect the interest of the government in case the deputized SRA counsel acted in any manner prejudicial to government. Obviously, what required the approval of the OSG was the non-appeal, not the appeal, of a decision adverse to government.
We hold that the RTC should have given due course to the notice of appeal that Atty. Labay timely filed. Thus, the 19 December 2006 Decision of the RTC in Civil Case No. Q-02-46236 cannot be deemed to have attained finality.
The next logical step is to remand the case to the RTC. However, a remand would only delay the resolution of this case and frustrate the ends of justice. As a rule, remand is avoided in the following instances: (a) where the ends of justice would not be served; (b) where public interest demands an early disposition of the case; or (c) where the trial court already received all the evidence presented by both parties, and the Supreme Court is in a position, based upon said evidence, to decide the case on its merits.22 All three conditions are present here.
The sugar corporations are not entitled to reimbursement
of 25% of the conversion fee amounting to ₱38,637,000.00.
Section 2 of EO 87 granted the Committee on Sugar Conversion/Auction power to promulgate rules governing sugar importation by the private sector. It provides:
SEC. 2. Committee on Sugar Conversion/Auction. – There is hereby created a Committee on Sugar Conversion/Auction which shall be headed by the DA, with the following as members: NEDA, DTI, DOF, SRA, and a representative each from the sugar planters’ group and the sugar millers’ group. The Committee is hereby authorized to determine the parameters and procedures on the importation of sugar by the private sector, and the collection and remittance of the fee for the conversion of sugar from "C" (reserve sugar) to "B" (domestic sugar). (Emphasis supplied)
Pursuant to this authority, the Committee issued the Bidding Rules subject of the controversy, paragraph G.1 of which provides that if the importer fails to make the importation, 25% of the conversion fee shall be forfeited in favor of the SRA, thus:
G. Forfeiture of Conversion Fee
G.1 In case of failure of the importer to make the importation or for the imported sugar to arrive in the Philippines on or before the Arrival Date, the 25% of Conversion Fee Bid already paid shall be forfeited in favor of the SRA and the imported sugar shall not be classified as "B" (domestic sugar) unless, upon application with the SRA and without objection of the Committee, the SRA allows such conversion after payment by the importer of 100% of the Conversion Fee applicable to the shipment.23 (Emphasis supplied)
In joining the bid for sugar importation, the sugar corporations are deemed to have assented to the Bidding Rules, including the forfeiture provision under paragraph G.1. The Bidding Rules bind the sugar corporations. The latter cannot rely on the lame excuse that they are not aware of the forfeiture provision.
At the trial, Teresita Tan testified that the Bidding Rules were duly published in a newspaper of general circulation.24 Vicente Cenzon, a sugar importer who participated in the bidding for the 3rd tranche, testified that he attended the pre-bid conference where the Bidding Rules were discussed and copies of the same were distributed to all the bidders.25
On the other hand, all that the sugar corporations managed to come up with was the self-serving testimony of its witness, Daniel Fajardo, that the sugar corporations were not informed of the forfeiture provision in the Bidding Rules.26
The Bidding Rules passed through a consultative process actively participated by various government agencies and their counterpart in the private sector: the Department of Agriculture, the National Economic Development Authority, the Department of Trade and Industry, the Department of Finance, the Sugar Regulatory Administration, and a representative each from the sugar planters’ group and the sugar millers’ group.27
We find nothing in the forfeiture provision of the Bidding Rules that is contrary to law, morals, good customs, public order, or public policy. On the contrary, the forfeiture provision fully supports government efforts to aid the country’s ailing sugar industry. Conversion fees, including those that are forfeited under paragraph G.1 of the Bidding Rules, are automatically remitted to the Bureau of Treasury and go directly to the Agricultural Competitiveness Enhancement Fund.28
It is unrefuted that the sugar corporations failed in their contractual undertaking to import the remaining 27,000 metric tons of sugar specified in their sugar import allocation. Applying paragraph G.1 of the Bidding Rules, such failure is subject to forfeiture of the 25% of the conversion fee the sugar corporations paid as part of their contractual undertaking.1avvphi1
The RTC gravely erred in ordering the SRA to return the forfeited conversion fee to the sugar corporations. Its strained interpretation that paragraph G.1 of the Bidding Rules contemplates cases of delay in the arrival of imported sugar but not cases of cancellation of sugar importation defies logic and the express provision of paragraph G.1. If delay in the arrival of imported sugar is subject to forfeiture of 25% of the conversion fee, with more reason is outright failure to import sugar, by cancelling the sugar importation altogether, subject to forfeiture of the 25% of the conversion fee.
Plainly and expressly, paragraph G.1 identifies two situations which would bring about the forfeiture of 25% of the conversion fee: (1) when the importer fails to make the importation or (2) when the imported sugar fails to arrive in the Philippines on or before the set arrival date. It is wrong for the RTC to interpret the forfeiture provision in a way departing from its plain and express language.
Where the language of a rule is clear, it is the duty of the court to enforce it according to the plain meaning of the word. There is no occasion to resort to other means of interpretation.29
WHEREFORE, we DENY the petition. We AFFIRM the 6 November 2007 Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 100571, which set aside the 26 June 2007, 6 August 2007, and 31 August 2007 Orders as well as the 6 September 2007 Writ of Execution and the 12 September 2007 Amended Writ of Execution of the Regional Trial Court (Branch 77) of Quezon City in Civil Case No. Q-02-46236. Further, the 19 December 2006 Decision of the Regional Trial Court (Branch 77) of Quezon City in Civil Case No. Q-02-46236 is SET ASIDE.
Costs against petitioners.
SO ORDERED.
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA
Associate Justice
DIOSDADO M. PERALTA
Associate Justice |
ROBERTO A. ABAD
Associate Justice |
JOSE C. MENDOZA
Associate Justice
A T T E S T A T I O N
I attest that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
Chairperson
C E R T I F I C A T I O N
Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution, and the Division Chairperson’s Attestation, I certify that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.
RENATO C. CORONA
Chief Justice
Footnotes
1 Under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court.
2 Rollo, pp. 49-66. Penned by then Associate Justice Martin S. Villarama, Jr., now a Member of this Court, with Associate Justices Noel G. Tijam and Sesinando E. Villon, concurring.
3 Id. at 102-103, 104-105, and 106.
4 Effective 1 April 1999.
5 Rollo, p. 50.
6 Id. at 68.
7 Id. at 110-111. Dated 17 March 2003.
8 Id. at 110.
9 Id. at 67-76.
10 Id. at 76.
11 Id. at 91.
12 Id. at 52.
13 Id. at 93-100.
14 Id. at 95.
15 Id. at 106.
16 Id. at 65-66.
17 Otherwise known as Executive Order No. 292.
18 Creating a Sugar Regulatory Administration. Effective 28 May 1986.
19 394 Phil. 76 (2000).
20 339 Phil. 89 (1997).
21 In its Notice of Appearance dated 17 March 2003.
22 Dela Peña v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 177828, 13 February 2009, 579 SCRA 396.
23 Rollo, p. 50.
24 Id. at 73.
25 Id. at 71.
26 Id. at 73.
27 Section 2, EO 87.
SEC. 2. Committee on Sugar Conversion/Auction. – There is hereby created a Committee on Sugar Conversion/Auction which shall be headed by the DA, with the following as members: NEDA, DTI, DOF, SRA, and representative each from the sugar planters’ group and the sugar millers’ group. The Committee is hereby authorized to determine the parameters and procedures on the importation of sugar by the private sector, and the collection and remittance of the fee for the conversion of sugar from "C" to "B".
28 Section 3, EO 87.
SEC. 3. Conduct of Auction for Sugar Conversion. – x x x The "Conversion Fee" shall be remitted to the Bureau of Treasury and may be used to pay the arrears of government in the Agricultural Competitiveness Enhancement Fund.
29 Del Mar v. PAGCOR, 411 Phil. 430 (2001).
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