Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
THIRD DIVISION
G.R. No. 162874 November 23, 2007
LUCIO S. COLLADO, Petitioner,
vs.
HEIRS OF ALEJANDRO TRIUNFANTE, SR., represented by ALEJANDRO TRIUNFANTE, JR., Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
NACHURA, J.:
Before the Court is a petition for review on certiorari of the Decision dated January 21, 2003 and the Resolution dated October 27, 2003 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. SP No. 68541.
On July 15, 1998, the heirs of Alejandro Triunfante, Sr. (The Triunfantes) filed a case for forcible entry and damages with application for a writ of preliminary mandatory injunction and temporary restraining order against Guillermo Telan and Bruno Telan (The Telans) before the Municipal Trial Court (MTC), Branch 2, Tuguegarao, Cagayan. The case was docketed as Civil Case No. 2011. The Triunfantes sought to recover material possession of Cadastral Lot No. 3192-A, consisting of 7,852.50 square meters, located at Capatan, Tuguegarao, Cagayan.
The Triunfantes claimed that their father Alejandro Triunfante, Sr. (Alejandro) is the owner of the subject land, having acquired the same by virtue of a Deed of Absolute Sale of Unregistered Land executed on January 30, 1946; that from the date of sale, Alejandro and his family cultivated the land, introduced improvements thereon and their possession of the land was continuous and peaceful; that in May 1998, the Telans, through force and intimidation, illegally entered the subject property, prohibited the Triunfantes from cultivating the same, constructed fences made of barbed wire, and prohibited them and their representatives from entering the property.
The Telans claimed that their father, Pedro, is the owner of the land; that during Pedro’s lifetime, he was in open, public, continuous and undisturbed possession of the land until his death in 1992, when his heirs took possession of the land and remained in possession thereof up to the present.
Both contending parties claimed ownership over the land, asserting acquisition through intestate succession.
The MTC made a provisional declaration of the Triunfantes’ ownership over the land. On November 26, 1998, the MTC rendered a Decision,1 the dispositive portion of which reads:
Wherefore, judgment is hereby rendered as follows:
a) Ordering the defendants and any or all persons claiming right or authority under them to vacate the possession of the subject land;
b) Ordering the defendants to pay jointly and severally the plaintiffs the following:
1) ₱10,000.00 per cropping season for the use and occupation of the premises commencing the first week of May 1998 until the possession of the land in question is restored to the plaintiffs;
2) ₱10,000.00 as attorney’s fees;
c) Ordering the defendants to pay the costs of this suit.
SO ORDERED.2
For failure of the Telans to file an appeal on time, the MTC Decision became final and executory.3 On January 6, 2000, the MTC issued a Writ of Execution. However, the judgment was not executed because a certain Lucio Collado (Collado) had built a perimeter fence of concrete hollow blocks on the land.4 On August 3, 2000, the MTC issued an Alias Writ of Execution,5 directing the Provincial Sheriff, or any of his deputies, to execute the November 26, 1998 MTC Decision.
On October 18, 2000, the Triunfantes filed a Motion for the Issuance of a Writ of Demolition for Collado’s failure to comply with the MTC Decision. On December 5, 2000, the MTC issued a Writ of Demolition,6 commanding the Sheriff of Cagayan, or any of his deputies, to demolish the improvements erected on the land.
On April 3, 2001, Collado filed a civil case for damages with prayer for issuance of writ of preliminary mandatory injunction against the Triunfantes and the Office of the Ex-Officio Sheriff, through Sheriffs Cipriano Verbo, Jr. and Silvino Malana, Jr. The case was docketed as Civil Case No. 5818 before the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 3, Tuguegarao City. Collado claims that his property right was violated when the Triunfantes and the Sheriffs, with threat, violence and intimidation, entered the enclosed premises of the property.7 Collado asserts that he is the absolute owner and actual occupant of the land by virtue of a Deed of Absolute Sale executed between him and the Telans on June 19, 1998, involving 5,000 square meters of the disputed property, and he bought the other 2,000 square meters from Restituto Allam, who acquired the same from the heirs of Pedro Telan by way of waiver of rights on January 11, 2000.8 He maintains that although the property is still unregistered, he has been in open, public, notorious, uninterrupted and continuous possession of the property in the concept of an owner through his predecessor-in-interest for a period of not less than sixty (60) years and up to the present.9
On June 25, 2001, the RTC issued an Order10 dismissing the case with prejudice. The RTC declared that Collado violated the rule on non-forum shopping when he filed the case for damages. It was proven that there was a pending administrative protest before the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) involving the same parties, same subject matter, same issues, and the final outcome of the said administrative case is definitive of the outcome of the case for damages. The RTC further ruled that:
This Court could not give credence to plaintiff Collado’s arguments through his counsel that "There was a willful and unlawful invasion of plaintiff’s property" on March 22, 2001. As gleaned from the records, the property herein was executed by a lawful order of the Municipal Trial Court including a lawful "Writ of Demolition." There was an implementation of a lawful Court Order where the strong arm of the law has to take its course. Otherwise, a contempt Order can be issued. If the plaintiff herein was not a party as alleged, then he can be considered as a "successor-in-interest" of the real parties to the civil cases at the Municipal Trial Court, being a buyer of said property under litigation.1âwphi1
If there are no identities of causes of action in these cases pending, then the plaintiff must consider the primordial aim why these cases were filed one over another (sic). Is it not to gain and recover the same property from the defendants? If so, then all these cases have the same cause of action, to recover real property.11
Collado filed a Motion for Reconsideration of the aforesaid Decision. On September 28, 2001, the RTC issued an Order12 denying the same.
Aggrieved, Collado filed a petition for certiorari before the Court of Appeals (CA) contending the following:
a) The action for damages under Civil Case No. 5818 is entirely independent, separate and distinct from Civil Case No. 2001 which is an action for forcible entry. Hence, the principles of litis pendencia, res judicata and forum shopping are not applicable;13
b) There is no need for exhaustion of administrative remedies since the issues involved in the Protest before the DENR and the civil case for damages in the RTC are entirely separate and distinct;14
c) The forcible entry case did not resolve the issue of ownership;15 and
d) The acts complained of in the case for damages before the RTC are wrongful, even though made pursuant to a court order.16
On January 21, 2003, the CA rendered a Decision17 in favor of the Triunfantes. The CA declared that the RTC did not commit grave abuse of discretion in dismissing the civil case for damages, viz.:
Under Section 19, Rule 70 of the 1997 Rules on Civil Procedure, "(i)f judgment is rendered against the defendant, execution shall issue immediately, unless an appeal has been perfected and the defendant to stay execution files a sufficient supersedeas bond, approved by the Municipal Trial Court and executed in favor of the plaintiff x x x. In the absence of a contract, he shall deposit with the Regional Trial Court the reasonable value of the use and occupation of the premises for the preceding month or period at the rate determined by the judgment of the lower court on or before the tenth day of each succeeding month or period. x x x."
To stay the immediate execution of judgment in ejectment proceedings, the above-quoted provision require that the defendant:
1. perfect his appeal,
2. file a supersedeas bond, and
3. periodically deposit the rentals falling due during the pendency of the appeal.
The original defendants in Civil Case No. 2011, the predecessors-in-interest of petitioner, did nothing of the above. Since immediate execution shall issue so long as the above requirements are not complied with, the execution being a mandatory and ministerial duty of the court, the more should the judgment be executed should the same become final and executory. A writ of execution and later, a demolition order, were issued by the court. The judgment of the Municipal Court in an ejectment case is res judicata as to the issue of possession de facto. The possession and ownership of a parcel of land may be held by different persons. The winning party is entitled to the execution of the Municipal Court’s final judgment as to possession. The officer charged with the execution of judgment in the absence of restraining order is enjoined to act with considerable dispatch so as not to unduly delay the administration of justice. The party which prevails after going through the full course of litigation is entitled to a writ of execution and to the energetic service and enforcement thereof upon the losing party. The acts complained of which transpired on 22 March 2001 were merely in pursuance of a lawful order of the court. Petitioner cannot claim exception thereto. A judgment of eviction can be executed against a third party who has derived his right of possession of the premises from the defendant, particularly when such right was acquired only after the filing of the ejectment suit.
In the instant case, 5,000 square meters of the disputed lot were acquired from the heirs of Pedro S. Telan on 19 June 1998, and 2,000 square meters from Restituto Allam on 26 January 2000, both by way of absolute sale. While the first acquisition was made barely a month before the complaint for ejectment was filed before Branch 02, MTC of Tuguegarao City, the latter acquisition was made after the Decision in Civil Case No. 2011 was rendered and the corresponding writ of execution therefore, issued. Moreover, the Sheriff’s Report anent the execution of the order was dated 06 April 2001, made after the case before the court a quo was filed on 03 April 2001. A case in which an execution has been issued is thus regarded as still pending so that all proceedings on the execution are proceedings in the suit. There is no question that the court which rendered the judgment has a general supervisory control over its process of execution, and this power carries with it the right to determine every question of fact and law which may be involved in the execution. The jurisdiction to correct errors and mistakes in the execution properly belongs to the court which issued the execution. The Court should first be given the opportunity to correct the errors of its ministerial officers and to control its own process. This Court is thus of the considered opinion that the action for damages by petitioner should have been filed before Branch 02, MTC of Tuguegarao City, and not before the court a quo. This being the case, the court a quo has no jurisdiction over the case filed before it.18
The CA further elucidated that:
In the case below, the eviction of petitioner as the vendee of the original defendants was pursuant to the fact that he derived his possession of the premises from them and because the judgment of the MTC in the ejectment case is res judicata as to the issue of possession de facto. There arises therefore the malady that though the issue of ownership may have been only provisionally determined before the inferior court, its judgment as to possession de facto became final and is res judicata due to the failure of the original defendants to perfect their appeal on time or to pursue other remedies to recover the same. An independent complaint for damages, actual, punitive, exemplary and moral, being consequent to the execution of the judgment in Civil Case No. 2011 should therefore be threshed out before the court which ordered the execution of the judgment, the appeal therefrom having been foreclosed and the petition for certiorari therefore having been futile. An action against the plaintiffs would lie for the recovery of ownership thereof or for the quieting of title. However, the issue of damages arising out of the implementation of the order of execution and demolition remains within the jurisdiction of Branch 02, MTC of Tuguegarao City.19
The Triunfantes filed a Motion for Reconsideration because the fallo of the CA Decision conflicts with the racio in the body of the Decision.20 On October 27, 2003, the CA granted the motion of the Triunfantes and, accordingly, amended the dispositive portion of the Decision dated January 21, 2003, viz.:
Foregoing premises considered, the instant petition is hereby DENIED. Branch 3, RTC of Tuguegarao City is hereby declared without jurisdiction over Civil Case No. 5818.
SO ORDERED.
On March 15, 2004, Collado filed the present petition for review on certiorari giving these lone assignment of error:
WHETHER OR NOT A SEPARATE AND INDEPENDENT ACTION FOR DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF A WRIT OF EXECUTION IN AN EJECTMENT CASE IS NOT COGNIZABLE BY THE REGIONAL TRIAL COURT.21
The petition is bereft of merit. An independent action for damages based on the implementation of a writ of execution cannot be sustained.
The court which rendered the judgment has control over the processes of execution. The power carries with it the right to determine every question of fact and law which may be involved in the execution.22 Thus, the MTC which issued the Decision in the forcible entry case retains general jurisdiction over matters arising from the execution of the said Decision. If the officers who executed the writ of execution committed any irregularity or exceeded their authority in the enforcement of the writ, the proper recourse of Collado would have been to file a motion with or an application for relief from the same court which issued the Decision, not from any other court.
It should also be borne in mind that the action for damages arose from a lawful order of a competent court which had become final and executory. The writ of execution and the writ of demolitions issued by the MTC to enforce its Decision in the forcible entry case are proper in the ordinary course of law. Collado cannot claim that, not being a party to the action in the forcible entry case, his rights should not be prejudiced by the Decision therein. As adjudged by the RTC and sustained by the CA, Collado bought the property while it was still under litigation. He is the successor-in-interest of one of the real parties in the ejectment case. He acquired only the interest and stepped into the shoes of his predecessor who was a party. As such, he is bound by the ruling therein.
The damages sustained by Collado as a result of the enforcement of the writ of execution should have been raised as a claim in an appeal from the Decision of the MTC. However, due to inadvertence, his predecessor-in-interest filed a belated appeal which was properly denied.
A perusal of the allegations of Collado in the complaint for damages with the RTC reveals that what he wanted was for the RTC to nullify the Decision of the MTC and declare him as the owner of the property. Since his aim is to recover possession and ultimately ownership of the property, Collado should have filed the appropriate remedy under the law for the recovery of ownership of real property. The MTC ruled only on the issue of ownership in order to ascertain the issue of possession and its ruling is only provisional as to the issue of ownership. Collado’s action for damages is inappropriate, because the basis for the suit is his alleged ownership of the property. That issue should first be resolved before a claim for damages can be sustained.
WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing, the instant petition is DENIED for lack of merit. Costs against the petitioner.
SO ORDERED.
ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGO
Associate Justice
Chairperson
MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ
Associate Justice |
MINITA V. CHICO-NAZARIO
Associate Justice |
RUBEN T. REYES
Associate Justice
A T T E S T A T I O N
I attest that the conclusions in the above Decision were reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.
CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGO
Associate Justice
Chairperson, Third Division
C E R T I F I C A T I O N
Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution and the Division Chairperson's Attestation, I certify that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.
REYNATO S. PUNO
Chief Justice
Footnotes
1 Penned by Judge Andres Q. Cipriano; CA rollo, pp. 33-41.
2 Id. at 40-41.
3 Rollo, p. 237.
4 Records, pp. 41-42.
5 Penned by Presiding Judge Pablo M. Agustin; id. at 38-40.
6 Id. at 43.
7 Records, pp. 1- 7.
8 Rollo, p. 15.
9 Supra note 5.
10 Penned by Judge Loreto Cloribel- Purunganan; records, pp. 91-93.
11 Id. at 93.
12 Records, pp. 149-151.
13 CA Rollo, p. 9.
14 Id. at 14.
15 Id.
16 Id. at 15.
17 Penned by Associate Justice Romeo A. Brawner, with Associate Justices Bienvenido L. Reyes and Danilo B. Pine, concurring; rollo, pp. 14-20.
18 Id. at 16- 18.
19 Id. at 19-20.
20 The fallo of the CA Decision reads:
Foregoing premises considered, the instant petition is hereby GRANTED. Branch 02, MTC of Tuguegarao City is hereby declared without jurisdiction over Civil Case No. 5818.
SO ORDERED.
21 Rollo, p. 6.
22 Balais v. Velasco, 322 Phil. 790, 806 (1996); Darwin v. Tokonaga, G.R. No. 54177, May 27, 1991, 197 SCRA 442, 450; Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines v. Intermediate Appellate Court, No. L-71365, June 18, 1987, 151 SCRA 161, 167.
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