SECOND DIVISION
G.R. No. 141964 June 30, 2006
SPOUSES EDESITO and CONSORCIA RAGASA, Petitioners,
vs.
SPOUSES GERARDO and RODRIGA ROA and the EX-OFFICIO SHERIFF OF QUEZON CITY, Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
CORONA, J.:
Edesito and Consorcia Ragasa filed a complaint1 against private respondents Gerardo and Rodriga Roa and the public respondent ex-officio sheriff of Quezon City founded on the following allegations:
On May 10, 1989, plaintiffs [petitioners here] entered into a contract with Oakland Development Resources Corporation for the purchase in installments of a piece of property, with improvements, located at No. 06, Garnet St., Prater Village II, Diliman, Q.C. covered by TCT No. 27946 of the Registry of Deeds for Quezon City and more particularly described in a photocopy of TCT No. 27946 […];
Immediately thereafter, plaintiffs took possession of the property covered by TCT No. 27946 of the Registry of Deeds for Quezon City and resided thereat together with their relatives who continued to occupy the same whenever the plaintiffs would leave for Italy where they both worked. Hence, from May of 1989 up to the present date, plaintiffs were in continuous and notorious possession of the property covered by TCT No. 27946 of the Registry of Deeds for Quezon City to the exclusion of others and in the concept of an owner;
In March of 1992, plaintiffs were able to fully pay for the agreed purchase price of the property covered by TCT No. 27946 of the Registry of Deeds for Quezon City and accordingly, a Deed of Absolute Sale dated March 12, 1992 was executed by and between Oakland Development Resources Corporation […] and the original owner’s copy of TCT No. 27946 of the Registry of Deeds for Quezon City accordingly turned over to them;
However, despite the execution of the Deed of Absolute Sale, Oakland Development Resources Corporation failed to cause the transfer of title to plaintiffs. On the part of plaintiffs, all the while they thought that the Deed of Absolute Sale and possession of the original of the owner’s copy of TCT No. 27946 of Registry of Deeds for Quezon City was more than sufficient to protect their rights and interests over the property;
Sometime March of 1999, during one of the trips of plaintiff Consorcia Ragasa to the Philippines from Italy, upon learning that Oakland Development Resources Corporation was no longer functional as a corporate entity, she decided to cause the transfer of registration of TCT No. 27946 of Registry of Deeds for Quezon City herself since the vendor thereof was apparently in no position to undertake the same;
She was thus surprised to learn from the Registry of Deeds for Quezon City that on April 14, 1995, the property in question was sold by defendant Ex-Officio Sheriff of Quezon City [a respondent here] to defendants Sps. Roa [respondents here] as the highest bidder for the price and consideration of P511,000.00 as shown in the Sheriff’s Final Deed of Sale […].
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The levy on attachment and the execution sale undertaken by the Ex-Officio Sheriff’s Office of Quezon City is clearly illegal there being no notice given by said individual to the occupants of the property in question.
Furthermore, a casual perusal of the Sheriff’s Deed of Sale will reveal that the execution price of P511,000.00 is grossly inadequate to pay for real properties listed therein with fair market values conservatively estimated at P3,000,000.00
The case was raffled to Branch 2202 of the Quezon City Regional Trial Court (RTC) and was docketed as Civil Case No. Q-99-37908.
Instead of filing an answer, private respondents moved for the dismissal of the complaint on the grounds of prescription and laches. In an order3 dated February 3, 2000, the RTC granted the motion. Characterizing the suit as an action "upon an injury to the rights of the plaintiff" which, according to Article 1146 of the Civil Code,4 must be filed within four years, the RTC held that petitioners’ action was barred by prescription for having been filed more than four years after the registration of the execution sale.
Seeking a reversal of the trial court’s order dismissing their complaint, petitioners proceeded forthwith to this Court with the present petition for review on certiorari5 raising only a pure question of law.6
We grant the petition.
The trial court’s order of dismissal was predicated on the theory that the suit petitioners commenced was an "action upon an injury to their rights" contemplated in Article 1146 of the Civil Code. That premise was erroneous. A reading of the allegations in petitioners’ complaint reveals that the action was essentially one for quieting of title to real property under Article 476 of the Civil Code which states:
Whenever there is a cloud on title to real property or any interest therein, by reason of any instrument, record, claim, encumbrance or proceeding which is apparently valid or effective but is in truth and in fact invalid, ineffective, voidable, or unenforceable, and may be prejudicial to said title, an action may be brought to remove such cloud or to quiet the title.
An action may also be brought to prevent a cloud being cast upon title to real property or any interest therein.
To make out an action to quiet title under the foregoing provision, the initiatory pleading has only to set forth allegations showing that (1) the plaintiff has "title to real property or any interest therein"7 and (2) the defendant claims an interest therein adverse to the plaintiff’s arising from an "instrument, record, claim, encumbrance, or proceeding which is apparently valid or effective but is in truth and in fact invalid, ineffective, voidable, or unenforceable."8 Thus, the averments in petitioners’ complaint that (1) they acquired ownership of a piece of land by tradition or delivery as a consequence of sale and (2) private respondents subsequently purchased the same piece of land at an allegedly void execution sale were sufficient to make out an action to quiet title under Article 476.
This being the case, Article 1146 (which refers to actions "upon an injury to the rights of the plaintiff" and "upon a quasi-delict")9 did not apply. Rather, considering petitioners’ allegation in their complaint that "from May of 1989 up to the present date, plaintiffs [had been] in continuous and notorious possession of the property…to the exclusion of others and in the concept of owner[s]"10 ― an assertion private respondents never bothered to dispute ― our ruling in Sapto v. Fabiana11 should apply:
[I]t is an established rule of American jurisprudence (made applicable in this jurisdiction by Art. 480 of the New Civil Code)12 that actions to quiet title to property in the possession of the plaintiff are imprescriptible.
"The prevailing rule is that the right of a plaintiff to have his title to land quieted, as against one who is asserting some adverse claim or lien thereon, is not barred while the plaintiff or his grantors remain in actual possession of the land, claiming to be owners thereof, the reason for this rule being that while the owner in fee continues liable to an action, proceeding, or suit upon the adverse claim, he has a continuing right to the aid of a court of equity to ascertain and determine the nature of such claim and its effect on his title, or to assert any superior equity in his favor. He may wait until his possession is disturbed or his title is attacked before taking steps to vindicate his right. But the rule that the statute of limitations is not available as a defense to an action to remove a cloud from title can only be invoked by a complain[ant] when he is in possession. One who claims property which is in the possession of another must, it seems, invoke his remedy within the statutory period." (citations omitted)13
Accordingly, petitioners’ action was not subject to prescription.
WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The February 3, 2000 order of the Regional Trial Court, Branch 220, Quezon City dismissing petitioners’ complaint is hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE. Let this case be REMANDED to the court a quo for further proceedings.
SO ORDERED.
RENATO C. CORONA
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
REYNATO S. PUNO
Acting Chief Justice
Chairperson
(On Official Business)
ANGELINA SANDOVAL-GUTIERREZ
Associate Justice |
ADOLFO S. AZCUNA
Asscociate Justice |
CANCIO C. GARCIA
Associate Justice
C E R T I F I C A T I O N
Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution, I certify that the conclusions in the above decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.
REYNATO S. PUNO
Acting Chief Justice
Footnotes
1 Captioned "Annulment of Execution Sale and Damages." Rollo, pp. 43-47.
2 Presided over by Judge Prudencio Altre Castillo, Jr.
3 Rollo, pp. 41-42.
4 The following actions must be instituted within four years:
(1) upon an injury to the rights of the plaintiff;
(2) upon a quasi delict;
xxx
5 Rollo, pp. 13-38.
6 Rules of Court, Rule 41, Sec. 2 (c). Appeal by certiorari. – In all cases where only questions of law are raised or involved, the appeal shall be to the Supreme Court by petition for review on certiorari in accordance with Rule 45.
7 Civil Code, Art. 476.
8 Id.
9 Supra note 4.
10 Rollo, p. 44.
11 103 Phil. 683 (1958).
12 The principles of the general law on the quieting of title are hereby adopted insofar as they are not in conflict with this Code.
13 Sapto v. Fabiana, supra note 11, at 686-687.
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