FIRST DIVISION
G.R. No. 123147 October 13, 2000
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee,
vs.
JOSEPH MANENG y ORTESA, accused-appellant.
D E C I S I O N
PARDO, J.:
The case is an appeal from a decision1 of the Regional Trial Court of Valenzuela, Branch 172, Metro Manila, convicting accused Joseph Maneng y Ortesa of robbery with homicide and sentencing him to reclusion perpetua with all the accessory penalties and to indemnify the heirs of deceased Nenita Santiago y Merculesio and Hermosa Gelito y Salvino the sum of ₱50,000.00 each, without subsidiary imprisonment.
On March 23, 1993, State Prosecutor Bernard S. Razon filed with the Regional Trial Court of Valenzuela, Metro Manila, an information charging accused Joseph Maneng together with John Doe and Peter Doe, with robbery with double homicide, committed as follows:
"That on or about March 16, 1993 in Valenzuela, Metro Manila and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, conspiring together and mutually helping one another, with intent to gain and with use of force, violence and intimidation, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously take, rob and carry away with them cash money amounting to P45,000.00 and an undetermined amount of assorted jewelries, all belonging to one ALFREDO CELITO, to the damage and prejudice of the latter in an undetermined amount; that on the occasion of the said robbery and for the purpose of enabling them to take and carry away the said articles, the above-named accused, in pursuance of their conspiracy, did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously, with intent to kill, stab HERMOSA CELITO and NENITA MERCOLESIO, thereby inflicting upon the said victims serious physical injuries which directly caused their death.
CONTRARY TO LAW."2
On May 12, 1993, at the arraignment, accused pleaded not guilty to the crime charged.3 Trial ensued accordingly.
The facts may be related as follows:
From 7:00 a.m. till 5:20 p.m. of March 16, 1993, Alfredo Gelito, the owner of the house at No. 16 Esperanza St., Don Pedro Village, Marulas, Valenzuela, was tending his store some 300 meters away from the house. At around 4:30 p.m., two (2) policemen arrived at his store to buy a bicycle.
At about 5:15 p.m., Alfredo's son, Alfredo III, arrived at the store to inform him that a robbery and homicide took place at their house. Alfredo, together with the two (2) policemen, rushed to his house and found it to be in total disarray with the two dead bodies of his housekeepers Hermosa Gelito and Nenita Santiago. Alfredo made a thorough search of the house and found the following items to be missing:
1. one radio worth ₱3,500.00;
2. a camera worth ₱3,500.00;
3. jewelry box containing jewelries worth ₱45,000.00;
4. some tools; and
5. money belonging to deceased Hermosa Gelito amounting to ₱5,000.00.4
On March 18, 1993, the police received information that the accused was one of those who perpetrated the robbery and killing in the Gelito residence and that he was about to take a ferryboat to Mindoro. When the policemen failed to find the accused on the ferryboat at the port of Batangas City that was scheduled to leave at 6:00 p.m., they waited at the gate of the port. Shortly, accused arrived, carrying a lady's bag. The police officers approached him and asked his identity and destination. Accused said that he was going to Barrio Masalay, Oriental Mindoro. He denied involvement in the robbery-killing but when the officers searched his body and bag, they found a necklace with a heart-shaped pendant wrapped in a cigarette pack.
The accused was thereafter invited to the Valenzuela Police Station where he executed a sworn statement dated March 19, 19935 admitting his participation in the crime. Before taking down his statement, SPO1 Arnold Alabastro and Atty. Hortensio G. Domingo, Jr. of the Public Attorney's Office and counsel de oficio of the accused, apprised the accused of his constitutional rights. The accused signed his statement in the presence of SPO1 Alabastro and of Atty. Domingo, Jr.6
For his part, accused put up an alibi and claimed that he was coerced into admitting participation in the crime. He testified7 that he was at his place of work at 583 Malanday, Valenzuela, Metro Manila, doing his job as welder from 7:00 a.m. till 5:00 p.m. After work, he arrived at his house at 172 Daang Bakal, Meycauayan, Bulacan at around 5:30 p.m., rested, ate dinner, watched television, and then slept.
At around 5:30 p.m. of March 18, 1993, accused went to the port of Batangas City to take a ship bound for Mindoro in order to visit his wife and sick child. When he alighted from the bus, three (3) policemen approached and frisked him. The policemen handcuffed him and then brought him to the Valenzuela Police Station. He was forced to admit the robbery and killing when the policemen boxed, kicked and hit him with a piece of wood and an armalite.8
The trial court disregarded accused's defense of alibi and involuntary confession and found him guilty on the basis of his extrajudicial confession.
Thus, on August 31, 1994, the trial court rendered a decision convicting accused of robbery with homicide, the dispositive portion of which reads:
"Accordingly, therefore, the Court finds accused Joseph Maneng GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of the complex crime of Robbery with Homicide and sentences him to suffer the penalty of Reclusion Perpetua together with all the accessory penalties and to indemnify the heirs of deceased Nenita Santiago and Hermosa Celito the sum of ₱50,000.00 each without subsidiary imprisonment in case of insolvency under present and current jurisprudence.
The Court likewise orders the immediate commitment of the accused Joseph Maneng to the National Penitentiary of Muntinlupa, Metro Manila, after the promulgation of this judgment-decision.
IT IS SO ORDERED."9
Hence, this appeal.10
In this appeal, accused-appellant claims that the trial court erred in relying on his confession that was obtained in violation of his constitutional rights, and in disregarding his alibi.
The Court sustains the conviction of accused-appellant.
We are convinced that the confession of accused-appellant is admissible in evidence, as it was satisfactorily shown that it was (1) voluntary, and (2) made with the assistance of a competent and independent counsel.11
In his sworn statement taken on March 19, 1993,12 where he confessed his participation in the crime, accused recounted in detail how he and his two (2) companions, Charlie Ropon, Jr. and Marcial Maneng, perpetrated the robbery-killing, that at around 1:30 p.m. of March 16, 1993, as they were entering the Gelito residence they met one of the deceased housekeepers whom Charlie Ropon, Jr. punched. The three carried the unconscious housekeeper to a second floor room of the house where Charlie Ropon, Jr. raped her first, followed by accused-appellant. The other deceased was also raped by Marcial Maneng. After satisfying their lust, Charlie Ropon, Jr. knifed one of the housekeepers to death while the other housekeeper also met the same death in the hands of Marcial Maneng. After the twin killings, Charlie began ransacking the house. Thereafter, the three left and boarded a jeep that brought them to accused's boarding house at San Diego St., Malanday, Valenzuela, Metro Manila. Accused revealed that they planned the crime on March 7, 1993.
Accused repudiated his confession on the ground that it was extracted through force and intimidation. However, the confession contained details that only the accused-appellant, as perpetrator, could have known. Details disclosed in the confession that could have been known only to the declarant indicate the voluntariness in executing the same.13 Thus, contrary to accused-appellant's protestations, no torture, force, violence, threat, intimidation or any other means appear to have been used against him to force him to confess.14
Extrajudicial confessions are presumed voluntary, and, in the absence of conclusive evidence showing that declarant's consent in executing the same has been vitiated, such confession will be sustained.15
It also appears that accused-appellant has been duly assisted by counsel, in the person of Atty. Hortencio G. Domingo, Jr., during the taking of his sworn statement/confession. Atty. Domingo testified that:
"COURT:
Q. Did you ask the accused if he was willing to have you as his counsel?
A. Yes, sir, he just looked at me and asked does he have a choice?
Q. Did he ask for counsel of his choice?
A. He did not ask for counsel of his choice, your Honor.
Q. But he agreed to have you as his counsel during that investigation?
A. He asked if I will assist him, I said yes.
FISCAL:
Q. So he allowed you eventually to assist him during the taking of the statement?
A. I presumed that he agreed, sir.
Q. So what happened after that?
COURT:
Q. Did you advise him of his constitutional rights?
A. Yes, your Honor, I told him that he has the right to remain silent, he has the right to be assisted by counsel and…
COURT:
Q. Did you cause to have that constitutional provision at the top of his statement?
A. I think, your Honor, that particular requirement was placed by the investigator before the formal investigation was taken down.
FISCAL:
Q. During that time that Police Officer Alabastro was typing down the questions that he was propounding to the accused and answers that the accused was giving, were you present?
A. Yes, sir.
Q. And you never left?
A. No, sir."16
The right to counsel does not mean that the accused must personally hire his own counsel. The constitutional requirement is satisfied when a counsel is (1) engaged by anyone acting on behalf of the person under investigation or (2) appointed by the court upon petition of the said person or by someone on his behalf.17
Besides, accused-appellant did not object when Atty. Domingo, Jr. represented him during the investigation.
Consequently, the defense of accussed-appellant of alibi must fail. Alibi is a weak defense against extrajudicial confessions made by the accused.18
The taking with intent to gain of personal property belonging to another by means of violence against or intimidation of persons or using force upon things constitutes robbery and the complex crime of robbery with homicide arises when, by reason of or on the occasion of a robbery by means of violence against or intimidation of persons, someone is killed.19
All the essential elements of robbery with homicide are present in this case.1âwphi1 Personal property belonging to the Gelito household consisting of a radio, television, camera, tools, jewelry and cash were carted away by accused-appellant and his companions. And during the heist, two (2) housekeepers were mercilessly raped and knifed to death.
The fact that the housekeepers were killed first before the robbery does not detract from accused-appellant's culpability for the special complex crime of robbery with homicide. The homicide may precede the robbery or may occur after the robbery, as what is essential is that there is a direct relation, an intimate connection between the robbery and the killing.20
This Court agrees with the trial court that despite the presence of an additional killing as an aggravating circumstance, the proper imposable penalty is reclusion perpetua, since the crime was committed prior to the enactment of Republic Act No. 7659,21 which reimposed the death penalty on certain heinous crimes.22
In addition to the ₱50,000.00 death indemnity awarded to the heirs of each of the victims, the presence of one aggravating circumstance, which is the second killing, justifies the award of ₱10,000.00 as exemplary damages pursuant to Article 2230 of the Civil Code.23
WHEREFORE, with the MODIFICATION that we award the respective heirs of deceased Hermosa Gelito y Salvino and Nenita Santiago y Merculesio an additional amount of P10,000.00 each as exemplary damages, we AFFIRM the decision of the Regional Trial Court, Valenzuela, Branch 172, Metro Manila dated August 31, 1994, convicting accused Joseph Maneng y Ortesa of the complex crime of robbery with homicide and sentencing him to reclusion perpetua, with the accessory penalties of the law and to indemnify the heirs of the deceased Nenita Santiago y Merculesio and Hermosa Gelito y Salvino in the amount of P50,000.00 each, and to pay the costs.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J., (Chairman), Puno, Kapunan, and Ynares-Santiago, JJ., concur.
Footnotes
1 In Crim. Case No. 2385-V-93, Decision dated August 31, 1994, Regional Trial Court, Judge Emilio L. Leachon, Jr., presiding. Original Record, pp. 145-149.
2 Original Record, p. 1.
3 Original Record, p. 22.
4 TSN, July 30, 1993, pp. 4-24.
5 Original Record, pp. 63-67.
6 TSNs, July 21, 1993, pp. 12-17; July 28, 1993, pp. 3-18; August 9, 1993, pp. 4-15; August 23, 1993, pp. 10-11; October 22, 1993, pp. 4-8.
7 TSN, January 12, 1994, pp. 4-27.
8 TSN, January 12, 1994, pp. 4-28.
9 Original Record, pp. 148-149.
10 Notice of Appeal, Rollo, p. 25.
11 People v. Espiritu, 302 SCRA 533 [1999]; People v. Cabiles, 284 SCRA 199 [1998]; People v. Deniega, 251 SCRA 626 [1995].
12 Original Record, pp. 63-66.
13 Estacio v. Sandiganbayan, 183 SCRA 12 [1990]; People v. Bautista, 92 SCRA 465 [1979]; People v. Llamoso, 91 SCRA 364 [1979].
14 People v. Espiritu, supra, Note 11.
15 People v. Obrero, G.R. No. 122142, May 17, 2000.
16 TSN, July 22, 1993, pp. 12-14.
17 People v. Miana, 216 SCRA 799 [1992]; People v. Vasquez, 196 SCRA 564 [1991]; People v. Albofera, 152 SCRA 123 [1987].
18 People v. Sadiwa, 117 SCRA 839 [1982].
19 People v. Mantung, 310 SCRA 819 [1999].
20 People v. Legaspi, G. R. No. 117802, April 27, 2000; People v. Pacapac, 248 SCRA 77 [1995].
21 Which took effect on December 31, 1993.
22 People v. Abdul, 310 SCRA 246 [1999]; People v. De Guzman, G. R. No. 118670, February 22, 2000.
23 People v. Robles, G. R. No.101335, June 8, 2000.
The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation
