Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
THIRD DIVISION
G.R. No. 128297 January 21, 1999
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, petitioner,
vs.
HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS, HONORABLE ELSA I. DE GUZMAN, as Presiding Judge of the Metropolitan Trial Court, National Capital Judicial Region, Branch 33, Quezon City, C/INSP. ROBERTO V. GANIAS, INSP. JOHN A. MAMAUAG, SPO1 ROBERTO C. CARINO, SPO2 EUGENE V. ALMARIO, SPO1 VIVIAN FELIPE, AND SPO4 ERLINDA GARCIA, respondents.
PURISIMA, J.: At bar is petition for certiorari and mandamus under Rule 65 of the 1997 Revised Rules of Court, assailing the:
1. Orders1 dated November 21, 1995 and January 8, 1996, respectively, of Branch 232 of the Metropolitan Trial Court of Metro Manila ("MTC");
2. Decision3
dated April 19, 1996 of the Court of Appeals; and
3. Resolution4
dated September 17, 1996 of the Court of Appeals.
From the Petition and other pleadings before the Court, it can be culled, that:
On July 31, 1995, an Information5 for violation of Article 208 of the Revised Penal Code was filed with Branch 33 of the Metropolitan Trial Court of Quezon City against the private respondents, namely; C/Insp. Roberto V. Ganias, Insp. John A. Mamauag, SPO1 Roberto C. Cariño, SPO2 Eugene V. Almario, SPO1 Vivian Felipe, and SPO4 Erlinda Garcia, alleging:
That on or about March 2, 1995, in Quezon City, Philippines, within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above named accused, all public officers, being then members of the Philippine National Police, and who had the duty to cause the prosecution of law violator, in conspiracy and with deliberate intent, did than and there wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously, knowing the commission of qualified theft by Proclyn P. Pacay who was caught red-handed in her possession several items (a pair of white-gold earrrings; a pair of white gold diamond earrings, 1 gold necklace; 2 bracelets; 1 Oleg Cassini wrist watch; 1 Seiko wrist watch and some clothings materials) — belonging to Judge Adoracion G. Angeles at PNP Station II, Baler St., SFDM, Quezon City and despite the request for assistance of Judge Adoracion G. Angeles, Oliva G. Angeles and Sagrada T. Aldaba, to blotter the commission of a felony and to pursue further investigation thereof, refuse, fail or refrain from taking appropriate action or cause the prosecution of the said law violator, to the damage and prjudice of said Judge Adoracion G. Angeles.
CONTRARY TO LAW.
On October 25, 1995, upon arraignment, thereunder, private respondents pleaded Not Guilty.
Private respondents then interposed a Motion to Quash the Information, invoking Section 3 (a) and (g) of Rule 117 of the Revised Rules of Court.6 On November 21, 1995, finding subject Motion meritorious, respondent court granted the same, ruling thus:
Wherefore, on the ground that the avernment in the information did not charge an offense, the Court resolves to quash the information without prejudice to whatever action the prosecution may take the premises.7
On December 1, 1995, the private prosecutor moved for reconsideration 8 of the said Order but to no avail. The Motion for Reconsideration was denied in the Order9 of January 8, 1996.
Undaunted, petitioner found his way to this Court via a petition for certiorari and mandamus10, docketed as G.R. No. 123603, which was referred to the Court of Appeals per this Court's Resolution11 of March 4, 1996.
On April 19, 1968, the Court of Appeals dismissed the said petition outright, holding that the petition should have been brought before the Regional Trial Court, according to the hierarchy of courts.12 Petitioner moved to reconsider13 the dismissal of the petition but the motion for reconsideration was denied in the Resolution14 dated September 17, 1996 of the Court of Appeals, which ruled further that certiorari was not the proper remedy because petitioner had a plain, speedy, and adequate remedy at law which was to appeal the questioned Order dated November 21, 1995 of the Metropolitan Trial Court to the Regional Trial Court of proper jurisdiction. The Court of Appeals also held that the petitioner had lost the right to appeal for failure to pursue the same within the reglementary period.
Dissatisfied, petitioner is before this Court, once again, to seek relief.
The respondent court opined correctly that under the hierarchy of courts, the petition should have been initially filed with the Regional Trial Court. There is a hierarchy of courts determining the venue of appeals, which should serve as a general determinant of the proper forum for the availment of the extraordinary remedies of certiorari, prohibition, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus. 15 As held in People v. Cuaresma.16
. . . There is after all a hierarchy of courts. That hierarchy is determinative of the venue of appeals, and should also serve as a general determinant of the appropriate forum for petitions for the extraordinary writs. A becoming regard for that judicial hierarchy most certainly indicates that petitions for the issuance of extraordinary writs against first level ("inferior") courts should be filed with the Regional Trial Court, and those against the latter, with the Court of Appeals. A direct invocation of the Supreme Court's original jurisdiction to issue these writs should be allowed only when there are special and important reasons therefor, clearly and specifically set out in the petition. This is established policy. It is a policy that is necessary to prevent inordinate demands upon the Court's time and attention which are better devoted to those matters within its exclusive jurisdiction, and to prevent further over-crowding of the Court's docket. . . .
And reiterated in Vergara, Sr. v. Suelto 17;
The Supreme Court is a court of last resort, and must so remain if it is to satisfactorily perform the functions assigned to it by fundamental charter and immemorial tradition. It cannot and should not be burdened with the task of dealing with causes in the first instance. Its original jurisdiction to issue the so-called extraordinary writs should be exercised only where absolutely necessary or where serious and important reasons exist therefor. Hence, that jurisdiction should generally be exercised relative to actions or proceedings before the Court of Appeals, or before constitutional or other tribunals, bodies or agencies whose acts for some reason or another, are not controllable by the Court of Apeals. Where the issuance of an extraordinary writ is also within the competence of the Court of Appeals or a Regional Trial Court, it is in either of these courts that the specific action for the writ's procurement must be presented. This is and should continue to be the policy in this regard, a policy that courts and lawyers must strictly observe.
The Court will not rule here that the prescribed remedy of petitioner is appeal, and not certiorari or mandamus. Resolution of such an issue is better left to the Regional Trial Court with which the petition may be filed. It should be stressed though, that even when appeal is available and is the right recourse, this Court has allowed a writ of certiorari to issue when the challenged orders of the lower court were issued without or in excess of jurisdiction.18 So also, the Court has given due course to petitions for certiorari although appeal is the proper remedy where the equities of the case warranted such action, mindful that dismissals based on technicalities are looked upon with disfavor.19
WHEREFORE, the Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 40177 is AFFIRMED, without prejudice to the filing by petitioner of the petition with the appropriate Regional Trial Court. No pronouncement as to costs.1âwphi1.nęt
SO ORDERED.
Romero, Vitug, Panganiban and Gonzaga-Reyes, JJ., concur. Footnotes
1 Rollo, pp. 24-30.
2 Presided by Judge Elsa I. de Guzman.
3 Rollo, pp. 31-33; penned by Associate Justice Jaime M. Lantin and concurred by Associate Justices Lourdes K. Tayao-Jaguros and B.A. Adefuin-de la Cruz.
4 Ibid., pp. 34-38.
5 Ibid., pp. 39-40.
6 See Opposition to the Motion to Quash Information, Rollo, pp. 41-47.
7 Supra, footnote 1.
8 Rollo, pp. 48-53.
9 Supra, footnote 1.
10 Rollo, pp. 59-75.
11 Ibid., p. 81.
12 Supra, footnote 3.
13 Rollo, pp. 76-80.
14 Supra, footnote 4.
15 Uy v. Contreras, 237 SCRA 167; Manalo v. Gloria, 236 SCRA 130.
16 172 SCRA 415, 424.
17 156 SCRA 753, 755.
18 Secretary of Health v. Court of Appeals, 241 SCRA 688; De la Paz v. Panis, 245 SCRA 242.
19 Oriental Media, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, 250 SCRA 647.
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