G.R. No. 119712




Republic of the Philippines SUPREME COURT Manila FIRST DIVISION G.R. No. 119712 January 29, 1999 DEVELOPMENT BANK OF THE PHILIPPINES and ASSET PRIVATIZATION TRUST, petitioners, vs. COURT OF APPEALS and CONTINENTAL CEMENT CORPORATION, respondents. MARTINEZ, J.: This petition for review on certiorari assails the decision1 rendered by the Court of Appeals dated March 28, 1995 in Ca-G.R. CV No. 42596 affirming the decision of the Regional Trial Court-Branch 9 of Malolos, Bulacan dated October 9, 1992 and adopting in toto the orders rendered by the same trial court dated August 25 and December 14, 1992. On November 18, 1985, the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP), a government owned and controlled corporation, filed with the Office of the Sheriff of Malolos an application for extra-judicial foreclosure of real and personal properties situated at San Jose del Monte and Norzagaray, Bulacan involving several real and/or chattel mortgages executed by Continental Cement Corporation (CCC), a corporation organized and existing under Philippine laws, engaged mainly in the manufacture of cement, in favor of DBP on August 20, 1968; September 4, 1968; May 7, 1969; September 19, 1969; October 24, 1969 and November 13, 1969. On December 11, 1985, Continental Cement filed a complaint with the Regional Trial Court Of Malolos, Bulacan. The suit principally sought to enjoin the then defendants DBP and the Sheriff of Malolos, Bulacan from commencing the foreclosure proceedings on CCC's mortgages which were executed in favor of DBP to secure various loans obtained by CCC. In addition, CCC also prayed that a new term for its loan obligation be established, and that the court declare the interest escalation clause contained in DBP's promissory notes as null and void. A temporary restraining order (TRO) was issued and subsequently a Writ of Preliminary Injunction was likewise issued on January 17, 1986, despite opposition thereto by DBP. Sometime in December 1986, Proclamation No. 50 2 was promulgated by then President Corazon C. Aquino pursuant to Administrative Order No. 14. The proclamation established the privatization program of the National Government and created the Committee on Privatization and herein petitioner ASSET PRIVATIZATION TRUST (APT) as the privatization arm for the government. Several non-performing assets of the government financial institutions, including DBP, were transferred to the National Government. The transfer was implemented through a Deed of Transfer executed on February 27, 1987 between DBP and the National Government, which in turn, designated petitioner APT to act as its trustee over the assets. Among the non-performing assets identified and transferred to the APT was the account of CCC. A Trust Agreement was thereafter executed between the National Government and APT, wherein the latter was to take title to and possession of liabilities and non- performing assets. On September 18, 1987, DBP filed a motion to dismiss contending (1) that the case has become moot and academic because CCC could no longer secure reliefs from DBP as a result of the transfer of DBP's claim against CCC to APT; and (2) that the court lost jurisdiction over the subject matter considering that Section 31 of Proc. No 50 prohibits the issuance of any restraining order or injunction against APT in connection with the acquisition, sale, or disposition of assets transferred to it. However the motion of DBP was denied by the trial court on January 27, 1988, and APT was eventually allowed to join the defendant DBP pursuant to Proclamation No. 50 as amended. In July 1989, the accounting firm of J.C. Laya3 was designated by the lower court as Commissioner to resolve the main issue in the case, that is, the determination of the actual arrearages of respondent CCC to petitioner APT and DBP arising from loan accommodations obtained by CCC from DBP. To aid the Commissioner and to expedite his task of determining the actual indebtedness of CCC, both CCC and DBP provided the representatives of the Commissioner with the pertinent data and documents which were within their custody and possession. Among the documents provided was a copy of the Memorandum of Agreement4 executed between CCC and DBP which pegged CCC's total indebtedness to DBP at P133,717,286.95 as of August 31, 1979. The Commissioner was unable to accomplish his assigned task within the period set by the court. He was initially given an extension of sixty (60) days. This proved to be insufficient thus he was granted another forty-five (45) days from December 18, 1989. Despite several extensions given to the Commissioner to complete his report, he failed to do so. This prompted the trial court to issue an Order dated April 23, 1990 directing Atty. Jose Leynes5 to explain why he should not be cited for contempt for his unexplained omission to perform and accomplish his duties as the court appointed Commissioner. This was followed by another Order dated July 2, 1990 citing Atty. Leynes in contempt of court and ordered his imprisonment for his non-compliance with the April 23, 1990 order. To avoid the consequences of the contempt order, Atty. Leynes submitted a draft report on July 11, 1990 entitled "Summary of Initial Findings." The contempt order was subsequently lifted by the trial court on August 20, 1990. After several months of work had passed, the Commissioner, this time known as "Laya Manabat Salgado & Co.," submitted to the lower court its report entitled "Commissioner's Report on Loan Proceeds and Payments" dated January 11, 1991. The findings of the Commissioner as cited by the Court of Appeals in its decision were as follows: It bears emphasis that the report is confined to a determination of CCC's indebtedness to DBP in relation only to four (4) straight peso loans, namely, a 12% ten-year loan of P3,867,291 signed on August 20, 1968; a 10% ten-year loan of P7,784,000 signed on September 19, 1969; a 10% ten-year loan signed on October 23, 1969 and a P5.5 million not covered by any promissory note but released to the extent of P1.0 million in March 1972, and two (2) guaranteed foreign exchange loans consisting of US$2,000,000 contracted on September 4, 1968 by CCC but guaranteed by DBP in favor of Somex Ltd. and DM11,233.115 (German Deutsche Marks) in favor of consortium of West German Manufacturers headed by Klockner-Humboldt-Deutz, A.G. dated May 9, 1969 (Report, p 3). The Report excludes the implications of, firstly, an industrial fund loan extended by DBP for CCC's acquisition of coal conversion equipment appearing in DBP's books of accounts as US$2,558,347 and, secondly, DBP's advances for insurance, management fees and miscellaneous charges in the total amount of P4,436,807 (Report, pp, 8-9 pars. 4.8, 4.9). . . . 6 As a result of the report, the parties filed their respective comments and objections thereto. During the trial, former Central Bank Governor Jaime C. Laya and a representative of the Commissioner were called upon to testify. The parties also had the opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses on matters touched upon in the report as well as those disregarded by the Commissioner in its report. After having cross-examined the representative of the Commissioner, the parties were then allowed to submit their respective Position Papers. Contained in their respective position papers was their own computation of the outstanding liabilities of CCC. CCC's computation of its exact indebtedness to DBP as of December 1990, covering the straight peso loans and foreign guarantees stood at P43,601,192.73. The Commissioner reported that the indebtedness amounted to P61,698,849.00 while DBP and APT computed CCC's total indebtedness in the sum of P2,656,573,716.11.7 On July 23, 1992, hearing was scheduled for the sole purpose of examining three (3) of CCC's witnesses, namely, Gregorio Lim, Urbano Cruz and Jessica Alonzo. The cross-examination was to be conducted by APT as DBP had previously conducted its own cross-examination. The counsel for CCC failed to appear as he was allegedly ill. On that same date, the court issued an order resetting the cross-examination for CCC's witnesses on August 24, 25 and 26, 1992 Again, the counsel for APT was not able to attend due to an alleged serious illness (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever). Also absent during the hearing was DBP's counsel and DBP/APT's lone witness, Mr. Jaime V. Cruz. On August 25, 1992, the trial court issued an order which considered the case submitted for decision. The final paragraph of the order reads as follows: In the light of the foregoing developments, and conformably with the agreement entered into much earlier by the contending parties to the effect that after the affiants to the position papers shall have been cross-examined, the parties shall dispense with the presentation of further evidence, the case at bar is considered henceforth submitted for adjudication on the merits. 8 It is claimed by petitioner APT that when the above-mentioned order was issued, APT did not yet have the opportunity to cross-examine the affiants of respondent CCC; nor did it have the chance to present any of their affiants to support their allegations as contained in their Joint Position Papers. On September 18, 1992, APT filed a "Motion for Reconsideration." In an order dated October 13, 1992, the trial court declared that such motion became moot and academic by reason of the decision rendered on October 5, 1992. On that earlier date, the lower court rendered the assailed decision, the dispositive portion of which as follows: WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby rendered: 1. fixing the total indebtedness of plaintiff Continental Cement Corporation in favor of defendant Development Bank of the Philippines on the straight peso loans and foreign guarantees at P61,498,849.00 as of December 31, 1990; 2. fixing the indebtedness of plaintiff Continental Cement Corporation in favor of defendant Development Bank of the Philippines on the coal conversion loan at US$977,000.00, or P7,347,890.00 which is its equivalent in pesos at the official rate of exchange prevailing in August 1979; 3. ordering the plaintiff to pay unto either of the defendants DBP or APT, within six (6) months from the finality of this judgment, the aforementioned amount of P61,498,849.00 with interest thereon at 10% per annum from January 1, 1991 until the same shall have been fully paid and the aforementioned amount of US$997,000.00/P7,347,890.00 without interest thereon; 4. declaring premature and without legal basis the application for extra judicial foreclosure (Annex A of the Complaint) filed on November 18, 1985 by defendant Development Bank of the Philippines with the office of the defendant Sheriff of Malolos, Bulacan; 5. making permanent the writ of preliminary injunction issued by this Court on January 17, 1986 in the case at bar enjoining proceedings on the aforementioned application for extrajudicial foreclosure, without prejudice to such rights (including the institution of eventual foreclosure proceedings) as the defendants may opt to pursue against the plaintiff in the event that the directive specified in the preceding paragraph hereof shall not have been complied with; and 6. dismissing the plaintiff's claim for unspecified attorney's fees and expenses of litigation. No pronouncement as to costs. SO ORDERED.9 After having learned of the decision of the trial court, APT and DBP filed their respective Omnibus Motions. APT, in its Omnibus Motion dated October 27, 1992, prayed for the issuance of the following orders by the trial court: 1) vacating and nullifying its Decision dated October 5, 1992; 2) granting APT an opportunity to cross-examine plaintiff's witness; 3) allowing DBP and APT to present their witnesses and evidence; 4) after trial, requiring the parties to submit their respective Memoranda.10 The trial court, on December 14, 1992, issued an Order denying the separate Omnibus Motions of APT and DBP. Both APT and DBP appealed the trial court's decision dated October 5, 1992 and orders dated August 25, 1992 and December 14, 1992. On June 7, 1993, APT and DBP filed with the Court of Appeals a petition for certiorari and prohibition with prayer for an ex-parte issuance of a restraining order and a writ of preliminary injunction docketed as CA-G.R. SP No. 32853. However, on January 31, 1994, the Court of Appeals dismissed the petition for lack of merit. Thus, on March 28, 1995, the Court of Appeals, in CA-G.R. CV No. 42596 rendered the assailed decision, the dispositive portion of which reads as follows: WHEREFORE, premises considered, judgment is hereby rendered AFFIRMING the Decision dated October 5, 1992 and the orders dated August 25 and December 14, 1992 in toto. The order dated January 22, 1993 is hereby annulled and set aside insofar as it directs the partial release of collateral's by defendants-appellant DBP and APT. 11 In the instant Petition for Review, APT assigns the following errors committed by the appellate court: I THE COURT OF APPEALS IN AFFIRMING THE LOWER COURT'S DECISION, DISREGARDED THE PRINCIPLES EMBODIED IN THE DUE PROCESS CLAUSE OF THE CONSTITUTION, THUS: A THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN FINDING THAT PETITIONER HAS WAIVED ITS RIGHT TO CROSS-EXAMINE RESPONDENT'S WITNESS. II THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED WHEN IT AFFIRMED THE TRIAL COURT'S DECISION ADOPTING IN TOTO THE REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONER. A THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN AFFIRMING THE TRIAL COURT'S DECISION THAT THE MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT IS UNENFORCEABLE. B THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN AFFIRMING THE TRIAL COURT'S DECISION LIMITING THE LIABILITY OF RESPONDENT IN THE AMOUNT OF P61,498,849.00 AS OF DECEMBER 31, 1990 INSTEAD OF P2,656,573,716.11 III THE COURT OF APPEALS ERRED IN AFFIRMING THE TRIAL COURT'S ISSUANCE OF A TEMPORARY RESTRAINING ORDER AND WRITS OF PRELIMINARY AND PERMANENT INJUNCTION. Anent the first assigned error, petitioner APT insists that the lower court as well as the Court of Appeals disregarded the principles of the due process clause embodied in the Constitution when it found APT to have waived its right to cross-examine respondent's witnesses. On the other hand, respondent CCC counters that the findings of the lower court may be attributed to the fault of APT's counsel. CCC alleges that the counsel for APT often absented himself on scheduled hearing dates, resulting in the failure to cross-examine the witnesses of respondent CCC. The insistence of the petitioner is without basis. Long ingrained in our jurisprudence is the principle that there can be no denial of due process where a party had the opportunity to participate in the proceedings but did not do so.12 As shown from the records, the counsel for APT was absent on several occasions, specifically on April 7, May 5, June 2, June 16, August 24 and 25, 1992. Several reasons were raised by APT's counsel to justify his absence, such as withdrawal of previous counsel, unreadiness to conduct the cross-examinations, and serious illness. These flimsy excuses do not warrant consideration from this Court. The withdrawal of APT's previous counsel in the thick of the proceedings would be a reasonable ground to seek postponement of the hearing. However, such reason necessitates a duty, nay an obligation, on the part of the new counsel to prepare himself for the next scheduled hearing. The excuse that it was due to the former counsel's failure to turn over the records of the case to APT, shows the negligence of the new counsel to actively recover the records of the case. Mere demands are not sufficient. Counsel should have taken adequate steps to fully protect the interest of his client, rather than pass the blame on the previous counsel. A motion to postpone trial on the ground that counsel is unprepared for trial demonstrates indifference and disregard of a client's interest. A new counsel who appears in a case in midstream is presumed and obliged to acquaint himself with all the antecedent processes and proceedings that have transpired prior to his takeover.13 As regards the serious illness suffered by counsel during the trial dates of August 24 and 25, 1992, we take note that Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, if not treated at its early stage, could cause serious illness, sometimes even death. This Court is not unmindful of the fact that counsel's absence was due to this deadly disease. What baffles this Court is the reason offered by counsel that "although two other APT lawyers were mentioned in the pleadings, only one was actively involved in the handling of the case.14 Counsel further adds that he could not have possibly appraised the two other lawyers to appear during the scheduled hearing in his absence. We cannot understand why it would be difficult for counsel to appraise his two other collaborating counsels. Counsel himself readily admits that of the two, only one is actively handling the case. It would take a mere phone call to inform his co-counsels than he would be unable to attend rather than be declared absent during trial. Yet, counsel failed to do so. In view of the foregoing, we find the Court of Appeals did not commit error, when it declared that petitioner waived its right to cross-examine the respondent's witnesses. The due process requirement is satisfied where the parties are given the opportunity to submit position papers, 15 as in this case. Both parties, CCC and DBP/APT, were given opportunity to submit their respective position papers after, the Commissioner rendered his report. Contained in their position papers were their respective comments and objections to the said report. Furthermore, the parties were also given the chance to cross-examine the Commissioner and his representative. They were likewise granted opportunity to cross-examine the witnesses of the other party, however, like in APT's case, they were deemed to have waived their right, as previously discussed. The essence of due process is that a party be afforded a reasonable opportunity to be heard and to support any evidence he may have in support of his defense.16 What the law prohibits is absolute absence of the opportunity to be heard, hence, a party cannot feign denial of due process when he had been afforded the opportunity to present his side. 17 As to the second assigned error, petitioner avers that the Court of Appeals erred when it affirmed the trial court's decision adopting in toto the report of the Commissioner and the decision of the trial court declaring the Memorandum of Agreement as unenforceable. The above-mentioned issues involve matters which are factual in nature. As a general rule, findings of fact of the Court of Appeals are binding and conclusive upon this Court, and we will not normally disturb such factual findings unless the findings of the court are palpably unsupported by the evidence on record or unless the judgment itself is based on a misapprehension of facts.18 In the case at bar, we find no such error that would warrant a reversal of the assailed decision. As to the matter of the memorandum of agreement, we concur with the decision of the Court of Appeals. The Memorandum of Agreement itself stated that "failure of Continental to meet this deadline shall be construed as its objection to this new restructuring scheme." 19 Moreover, CCC did not execute nor submit all the documents needed to make said agreement effective. The fact that CCC did not comply with the requirements of the Memorandum of Agreement at the expiration of the period set by DBP, only shows CCC's non-conformity to the agreement. Since CCC did not express its conformity to the agreement, it was only proper for the Commissioner to consider the amount of indebtedness of CCC based on actual loan releases. The Commissioner did consider the Memorandum of Agreement as a source document, however, no one was able to satisfactorily explain how the figure was arrived at. It must be emphasized that the Commissioner's report was limited in relation to four (4) straight peso loans and two (2) guaranteed foreign exchange loans. It is, therefore, erroneous for APT and DBP to conclude that CCC's entire outstanding obligations stood at P2,656,573,716.11. As regards the determination of the Commissioner as to the actual indebtedness of CCC, we uphold the ruling of the respondent court. The very reason why the Commissioner was appointed as such was due to the complex nature of the issues involved in the case which required the technical know-how and expertise possessed by the Commissioner. The records also bear the fact that said Commissioner was chosen by both parties. As we have previously ruled in Quebral vs. CA 20 that factual findings of the Court of Appeals normally are not reviewable by this Court under Rule 45 of the Rules of Court, except when the findings of the appellate court are at variance with those of the trial court. Since the trial court and the Court of Appeals were in unison with the findings of the Commissioner, this Court is of the opinion that it finds no compelling reason to reverse the same. Lastly, petitioner APT argues that the Court of Appeals erred in affirming the trial court's issuance of a temporary restraining order and a writ of preliminary and permanent injunction against it (APT), despite the express provisions of Proclamation No. 50. On the other hand, CCC asseverates that since APT was a mere transferee pendente lite, it was bound by the preliminary injunction previously issued against DBP. We find merit in the assigned error of petitioner APT. It must be recalled that the trial court did in fact issue a Writ of Preliminary Injunction against petitioner APT. The particular section which contains the "non-injunction rule" is quoted hereunder: Courts may not substitute their judgment for that of APT, nor block by an injunction the discharge of its function and the implementation of its decision in connection with the acquisition, sale, or disposition of assets transferred to it.21 Furthermore, we reiterate the ruling held in that case that Proclamation No. 50 does not infringe any provision of the Constitution. Thus — The President, in the exercise of his legislative power under the Freedom Constitution, issued Proclamation No. 50-A prohibiting the courts from issuing restraining orders and writ of injunction against the APT and the purchasers of any asset sold by it, to prevent courts from interfering in the discharge, by this instrumentality of the executive branch of the Government, of its task of carrying out the expeditious disposition and privatization of certain government corporations and/or the assets thereof (Proc. No. 50), absent any grave abuse of discretion amounting to excess or lack of jurisdiction on its part. This proclamation, not being inconsistent with the Constitution and not having been repealed or revoke by Congress, has remained operative (Section 3. Art. XVIII, 1987 Constitution). 22 The records of the case at bar does not disclose any grave abuse of discretion committed by petitioner APT amounting to excess or lack of jurisdiction in its effort to take possession of the assets transferred to it by DBP. We are of the opinion that petitioners simply availed of judicial processes to recover the transferred assets formerly owned by DBP. We hold respondent Court of Appeals liable of committing the assigned error. In sum, petitioner APT was not denied its right to due process when it failed to cross-examine respondent's witnesses as this was due to its own counsel's failure and negligence. A party cannot feign denial of due process when he had the opportunity to present his side. 23 A careful review of the records reveal that DBP had the opportunity to exhaustively cross-examine respondent's witnesses. Furthermore, as transferee pendente lite, APT merely stepped into the shoes of DBP. As regards the indebtedness of CCC, petitioners APT/DBP must be reminded that all is not lost when the Commissioner ruled that the outstanding loans amounted to P61,498,849.00 only. As manifested by the Commissioner, the report limited itself to four (4) straight peso loans and two (2) guaranteed foreign exchange loans, This was due to the insufficiency of supporting documents submitted by both parties. We wish to state that the affirmation by this Court of the rulings of the Court of Appeals as to the indebtedness of CCC, does not in any way prejudice APT/DBP's right to recover from CCC, provided they are fully able to substantiate their claim. WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby DENIED and the assailed decision is hereby AFFIRMED but with modification as follows: The writ of preliminary injunction issued on January 17, 1986, and the writ of permanent injunction issued on October 5, 1992 are hereby declared NULL AND VOID pursuant to Section 31, Proclamation No. 50.1âwphi1.nêt SO ORDERED. Davide, Jr., C.J., Melo, Kapunan and Pardo, JJ., concur. Footnotes 1 Penned by Associate Justice Corona Ibay-Somera, with Associate Justice Justo P. Torres Jr, and Associate Justice Conrado M. Vasquez Jr. concurring. (Special Thirteenth Division) 2 PROCLAIMING AND LAUNCHING A PROGRAM FOR THE EXPIDITIOUS DISPOSITION AND PRIVATIZATION OF CERTAIN GOVERNMENT CORPORATIONS AND OR THE ASSETS THEREOF AND CREATING THE COMMITTEE ON PRIVATIZATION AND THE ASSET PRIVATIZATION TRUST. (Vital legal documents in the New People's Government, Vol. 104, p. 1) 3 Former Central Bank Governor and former Secretary, Department of Education. 4 The MOA was executed on July 10, 1981. The primary porpuse of the MOA was to restructure the outstanding balance of CCC as of August 31, 1979. Among other things, the MOA's refinancing scheme provided that: (A). CCC's outstanding obligation in the amount of P35.0 million was converted into preferred shares in order to enable CCC to meet DBP's required 75/25 debt/equity ratio that over all eighty percent (80%) collateral ratio. (B). The remaining portion of the obligation in the amount of P98,851,004.04 shall be converted into a foreign currency obligation, to be drawn from whatever shall be available out of DBP's outstanding direct foreign currency borrowings, the same to be made payable to DBP in mothly installments over fifteen (15) years with interest at twelve percent (12%) per annum, the first installment to become due within the first ten (10) days of September 1979. The monthly installment due shall be the peso equivalent thereof, base on the prevailing rate of exchange on the day actual payments are made to DBP, or on the date DBP paid for the installments, whenever is higher. 5 Authorized Representative of the Commissioner. 6 Memorandum for Petitioner, Rollo, p. 176. 7 Petition, Rollo, p. 15. 8 Petition, Rollo, p. 12. 9 Decision of RTC-Brach 9, Malolos, Bulacan, October 5, 1992, Rollo, pp. 13-14. 10 Petition, Rollo, p. 15. 11 Court of Appeals decision, Rollo, p. 75. 12 Loong vs. Commission on Elections, 275 SCRA I. 13 Villasis vs. Court of Appeals, 60 SCRA 120. 14 Memorandum of petitioner; Rollo, p. 190. 15 Salonga vs. NLRC, 254 SCRA 111. 16 Midas Touch Food Corporation vs. NLRC, 259 SCRA 652. 17 Garcia vs. NLRC, 264 SCRA 261. 18 Valezuela vs. Court of Appeals, 253 SCRA 303. 19 Paragraph 2(c), MOA; Court of Appeals Decision; Rollo, p. 67. 20 252 SCRA 353. 21 Sec. 31, Proc. No. 50. 22 Ibid. 23 People vs. Acol, 232 SCRA 406. 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