G.R. No. 129133




Republic of the Philippines SUPREME COURT Manila EN BANC G.R. No. 129133 November 25, 1998 ECONOMIC INTELLIGENCE AND INVESTIGATION BUREAU, petitioner, vs. HON. COURT OF APPEALS and CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION, respondents. PURISIMA, J.: Before the Court is a Petition for Review on Certiorari under Rule 45 of the Revised Rules of Court to review and set aside the 7 November 1996 Decision1 and 18 March 1997 Resolution 2 of the Court of Appeals 3 in CA- G.R. SP No. 37720. As culled by the Court of Appeals, the antecedent facts that matter are, as follows: In a letter dated October 13, 1988, respondent CSC through Chairman Patricia A. Sto. Tomas required the Secretary of Finance to submit to the CSC all appointments in the Economic Intelligence and Investigation Bureau (EIIB). Instead of complying with the said letter, petitioner Jose T. Almonte, as Commissioner of EIIB, wrote a letter dated March 29, 1989, to respondent CSC, requesting for confirmation of EIIB's exemption from CSC rules and regulations with respect to appointments and other personnel actions invoking as basis for such exemption PD No. 1458 and LOI No. 71. On June 21, 1989, respondent CSC issued the subject Resolution No. 89-400, denying petitioner Almonte's request for exemption of the EIIB from the coverage of the civil service rules and regulations and reiterating its order that petitioner EIIB submit to the CSC all appointments to career or non-career positions in the Bureau. Not having received any compliance from petitioners, respondent CSC, in its Order of December 7, 1990, directed petitioner Jose T. Almonte to immediately implement Resolution No. 89-400, with a warning that any EIIB official who shall fail or refuse to comply with the said order shall be held liable for indirect contempt. On June 4, 1991, respondent CSC issued another order, requiring petitioner Almonte to Show cause why he should not be cited for indirect contempt for his continued refusal to implement or comply with CSC Resolution No. 89-400 and the Order of December 7, 1990. In a letter, dated June 13, 1991, petitioner Almonte explained to the respondent CSC the reasons of the EIIB for its inability to comply with Resolution No. 89-400. He invoked PD No. 1458 and LOI No. 71 exempting the EIIB from the coverage of civil service rules and regulations on appointments and other personnel actions. Petitioner Almonte prayed that Resolution No. 89-400, the Order of June 4, 1991, and the subsequent orders be set aside. On August 22, 1991, respondent CSC issued an order, finding petitioner Almonte guilty of indirect contempt of the Commission, the dispositive portion of which reads as follows: WHEREFORE, foregoing premises considered, the commission hereby resolves to find and adjudge Jose T. Almonte, Commissioner, EIIB, guilty of indirect contempt of the Commission pursuant to Section 12 (11), Book V, Subtitle A of Executive order No. 292 and memorandum Circular No. 42, series of 1990. He is thus meted the penalty of fine P1,000.00 each day from the date of receipt of this Order dated December 7, 1990. Accordingly, the Cashier of the EIIB is hereby directed to deduct from the salary of Commissioner Almonte the amount of P1,000.00 each day of his failure to comply with the above CSC Order. Let copies of this Order be furnished the Resident Auditor of the EIIB as well as the COA, the Secretary of the Department of Finance and the CSFO-DND, for their information and guidance. SO ORDERED. Dissatisfied therewith, petitioner went to the Court of Appeals on a Petition for Certiorari. However, on November 7, 1996, the Court of Appeals dismissed the petition; ratiocinating thus: The 1987 Constitution is so clear and categorical in its mandate that: Art. IX (B), Section 2 (1). — The civil service embraces all branches, subdivisions, instrumentalities, and agencies of the Government, including government-owned or controlled corporations with original charters. The civil service contemplated in the constitutional provision is very comprehensive in its scope, that it includes every category of officer or employee of the government, its branches, subdivisions and instrumentalities, and even employees of private corporations, if such corporations are controlled or owned by the government with original charters. In the light of his constitutional mandate, petitioner EIIB, being a government agency, is necessarily embraced by the civil service. The fact that positions in the EIIB are primarily confidential did not place it outside the domain of civil servants, since "it is conceded that one holding in the Government a primarily confidential position is in the Civil Service" (Ingles v. Mutuc, 26 SCRA 171). That fact merely exempts confidential positions in the EIIB from the constitutional rule that "appointments in the civil service shall be made only according to merit and fitness to be determined, as far as practicable . . . by competitive examination [Art. IX (B), Sec. 2 (2) ]". And it is in this sense that the provisions of PD 1458, particularly Section 5 and LOI 71 relied upon by the petitioners should be interpreted. Neither does petitioners' contention that "if EIIB's positions and personnel actions will be opened, one may know its operations, movements, targets, strategies, and tactics and the whole of its being" deserve merit, as the same is pure speculation and conjecture. EIIB officials and personnel remain civil servants and as correctly argued by the Solicitor General, "EIIB officials occupying confidential positions, remain accountable to the people and are subject to the same state policies on morale, efficiency, integrity, responsiveness and courtesy in the civil service". Thus We hold that the personnel in the EEIB are covered by the Civil Service. x x x x x x x x x WHEREFORE, the Court upholds Resolution No. 89-400 but declares CSC Orders of December 7, 1990, June 4, 1991, and of August 22, 1991, as NULL AND VOID, the Civil Service Commission not having jurisdiction to cite and punish Commissioner Jose T. Almonte of the Economic Intelligence and Investigation Bureau for indirect contempt of the Commission. With the denial of its motion for reconsideration by Resolution, dated March 18, 1997, of the Court of Appeals, petitioner found its way to this Court via the present Petition; contending, that: IN HOLDING THAT PETITIONER IS COVERED BY CIVIL SERVICE, RESPONDENT COURT VIOLATED P.D. No. 1458 AND LOI No. 71 WHICH EXPRESSLY EXEMPT IT FROM CIVIL SERVICE COVERAGE. The pivotal issue here is: whether or not the petitioner, Economic Intelligence Investigation Bureau (EIIB), is embraced by the Civil Service. Sec. 2, subparagraph (1), Article IX, paragraph (B) of the 1987 Constitution provides: The civil service embraces all branches, subdivisions, instrumentalities, agencies of the Government, including government-owned or controlled corporations with original charter. Succinct and clear is the provision of the Constitution in point that all government agencies, without exception, are covered by the civil service. Petitioner EIIB is a government agency under the Department of Finance as provided by Section 17, Chapter 4, Title II, Book IV of the 1987 Administrative Code.4 Therefore, EIIB is within the ambit of the Civil Service Law. The civil service within the contemplation of the aforecited constitutional provision is comprehensive in scope. It embraces all officers and employees of the government, its branches, subdivisions and instrumentalities. Even employees of corporations owned or controlled by the government, with original charters, are covered thereby. Petitioner contends that EIIB is expressly exempted from civil service coverage, under Section 5 of P.D. No. 1458, which provides: Application of WAPCO and Civil Service Rules — Personnel of the FDIIB shall be exempted from WAPCO and Civil Service Rules and Regulations relative to appointments and other personnel actions: Provided, That they shall be entitled to the benefits and privileges accorded to government employees . . . On the other hand, LOI No. 71, the Implementing Rules of P.D. No. 1458, reads: 10. It is further directed that personnel of the BII shall be exempt from OCPC and Civil Service Rules and Regulations relative to appointments and other personnel actions; Provided, That they shall be entitled to the benefits accorded to government employees . . . Petitioner's submission is barren of merit. The aforecited provisions of law provide for the exemption of petitioner EIIB only from Civil Service Rules and Regulations relative to appointments and other personnel actions, but not from the Civil Service Law or Civil Service Rules and Regulations relative to any other matter. Neither can we uphold petitioner's reliance on Section 26 of Executive Order No. 127,5 Petitioner, in gist, asserts exemption from Civil Service coverage since the Bureau forms part of the intelligence community created under the said executive Order. There is merit in the disquisition by the Court of Appeals that membership of petitioner EIIB in the intelligence community is of no moment, insofar as application of the Civil Service Law is concerned. The National Bureau of Investigation (NBI), also a member of the intelligence community which performs functions similar to those of EIIB, e.g., intelligence gathering, investigation, research, etc., submits to the Civil Service Commission the appointments of all NBI personnel, whether belonging to the career or non-career service. Besides, in Ingles vs. Mutuc, 26 SCRA 171, this Court ruled that " . . . one holding in the Government a primarily confidential position is 'in the Civil Service'." Equally untenable is petitioner's contention that, because the personnel of EIIB are occupying jobs highly confidential in nature, the EIIB should not be required to submit the names of its personnel to the Civil Service Commission. In Almonte vs. Vasquez, 244 SCRA 286 [1995], EIIB was ordered by the Ombudsman to produce documents relating to personnel services and salary vouchers of EIIB employees. The Bureau pleaded that such documents are classified, and knowledge of EIIB's documents relative to its Personnel Services Funds and its plantilla will inevitably lead to knowledge of its operations, movements, targets and strategies, which could destroy the Bureau itself. The Court ruled that the required documents can be examined by the Ombudsman; explaining that: . . . [T]here is no claim that military or diplomatic secrets will be disclosed by the production of records pertaining to the personnel of the EIIB. Indeed, EIIB's function is the gathering and evaluation of intelligence reports and information regarding "illegal activities affecting the national economy, such as, but not limited to, economic sabotage, smuggling, tax evasion, dollar salting." Consequently, while in cases which involve state secrets it may be sufficient to determine from the circumstance of the case that there is reasonable danger that compulsion of the evidence will expose military matters without compelling production, no similar excuse can be made for a privilege resting on other considerations. Nor has our attention been called to any law or regulation which considers records of the EIIB as classified information . . . All things viewed in proper perspective, we are of the opinion, and so hold, that the Court of Appeals erred not in holding that: . . . [R]espondent CSC's act of requiring petitioner EIIB to submit to it all appointments in the Bureau, for appropriate action, is part of its administrative function as the central personnel agency of the government. WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby DENIED; and the Decision of the Court of Appeals in CA-GR SP No. 37720 AFFIRMED, without any pronouncement as to costs. SO ORDERED. Narvasa, C.J., Davide, Jr., Romero, Bellosillo, Melo, Puno, Vitug, Kapunan, Mendoza, Panganiban, Martinez, Quisumbing and Pardo, JJ., concur. Footnotes 1 "Annex A," Petition; Rollo, pp. 12-25. 2 "Annex B, "Petition; Rollo, pp. 26-27. 3 Eighth Division composed of Justices Jaime M. Lantin (Chairman and the Ponente), Lourdes K. Tayao-Jaguros and B.A. Adefuin-De La Cruz (Members). 4 Sec. 26, E.O. No. 127 reads. as follows: "Economic Intelligence and Investigation Bureau — The Economic Intelligence and Investigation Bureau, which shall be headed by and subject to the supervision and control of the Commissioner who shall be appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the Minister, shall have the following functions: (1) Receive, gather and evaluate intelligence reports and information and evidence on the nature, modes and extent of illegal activities affecting the national economy, such as, but not limited to, economic sabotage, smuggling, tax evasion, and dollar-salting, investigate the same and aid in the prosecution of cases; (2) Coordinate with external agencies in monitoring the financial and economic activities of persons or entities, whether domestic or foreign, which may adversely affect national financial interest with the goal of regulating, controlling or preventing said activities; (3) Provide all intelligence units of operating Bureaus or Offices under the Ministry with the general framework and guidelines in the conduct of intelligence and investigation works; (4) Supervise, monitor and coordinate all the intelligence and investigation operations of the operating Bureaus and Offices under the Ministry; (5) Investigate, hear and file upon clearance by the Minister, anti-graft and corruption cases against personnel of the Ministry and its constituent units; (6) Perform such other appropriate functions as may be assigned by the Minister or his deputies. 5 See Footnote No. 4; same provision of Section 17, Chapter 4, Title II, Book IV of the 1987 Administrative Code. 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