Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
EN BANC
A.C. No. 7073 September 1, 2015
FIRE OFFICER I DARWIN S. SAPPAYANI, Complainant,
vs.
ATTY. RENATO G. GASMEN, Respondent.
R E S O L U T I O N
PERLAS-BERNABE, J.:
This instant administrative case arose from a Complaint-Affidavit1 dated February 6, 2006 filed by complainant Fire Officer I Darwin S. Sappayani (Sappayani), which was endorsed by the Public Attorney's Office, Maguindanao District to this Court,2 and was referred to the Integrated Bar of the Philippines (IBP) on July 1, 2008,3 against respondent Atty. Renato G. Gasmen (Atty. Gasmen), a notary public.
The Facts
In his Complaint-Affidavit, Sappayani alleged that Atty. Gasmen notarized documents which he purportedly executed, particularly, a Special Power of Attorney4 (SPA) in favor of one Newtrade Goodwill Corporation (NGC) through Romeo N. Maravillas (Maravillas) and an Application for Loan and Promissory Note (loan application) with Air Materiel Wing Savings and Loan Association, Inc. (AMWSLAI). The SP A, which was notarized by Atty. Gasmen on March 29, 2000, authorized NGC through Maravillas to complete the loan application with AMWSLAI and thereafter, receive its proceeds. Thus, by virtue of said notarized documents, AMWSLAI released to Maravillas, as representative of NGC, a loan amounting to ₱157,301.43.
However, Sappayani denied executing said documents, claiming that his signature found on the SP A was forged as he did not know Mara villas. Neither did he authorize Maravillas to enter into any transaction on his behalf. Sappayani added that it was physically impossible for him to personally appear before Atty. Gasmen and execute the documents at the AMWSLAI office in Quezon City, as he was then training as a new recruit at the Bureau of Fire Protection at General Santos City.5
After more than two (2) years, Atty. Gasmen filed his Comment6 dated May 26, 2008 and claimed, among others, that the notarization of the SP A and loan application was done only after the release of the proceeds of the loan to Maravillas, who then released the same to one Zenaida C. Razo (Razo), the marketing representative of NGC for Region V. According to Atty. Gasmen, Razo was also the one responsible for taking the purported loan of Sappayani, the proceeds of which the latter never received. Moreover, he asserted that prior to notarization, Sappayani's signature on the SP A was compared with his signature specimen cards with AMWSLAI, of which he was an honorary member. Finally, he claimed that by practice, notarization of loan applications at AMWSLAI was done "on a ministerial basis" albeit with "proper safeguards," and that documents were notarized only after the loan is released and the AMWSLAI President has approved the same. As such, notarization was merely a way of completing the loan documentation requirements of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP).
After several re-settings of the mandatory conference and the repeated failure of Atty. Gasmen to appear, the IBP Commissioner terminated the mandatory conference and ordered the parties to submit their respective Position Papers for resolution.
The IBP's Report and Recommendation
In a Report and Recommendation7 dated March 5, 2010, IBP Commissioner Atty. Albert P. Sordan, EnP (Commissioner Sordan) found Atty. Gasmen guilty of violating Section 2 (b), Rule IV of the 2004 Rules on Notarial Practice (Notarial Rules), Section 20 (a) Rule 138 of the Rules of Court, and Rule 1.01, Canon I and Rule 10.01, Canon 10 of the Code of Professional Responsibility (CPR). Accordingly, he recommended that Atty. Gasmen be suspended from the practice of law for a period of six ( 6) months and that his incumbent notarial commission be revoked. In addition, he should be disqualified from being commissioned as a notary public for a period of one (1) year, with a stem warning that a repetition of the same or similar offense shall be dealt with more severely.
Commissioner Sordan found that the signature of Sappayani on the SP A was forged, and that Atty. Gasmen failed to exercise reasonable diligence or that degree of vigilance expected of a bonus pater familias. Thus, when he notarized a forged SP A and untruthfully certified that Sappayani was the very same person who personally appeared before him, he violated the Notarial Rules and, as a lawyer, the CPR.8
In a Resolution9 dated May 11, 2013, the IBP Board of Governors adopted and approved the IBP Commissioner's Report and Recommendation.10 Atty. Gasmen moved for reconsideration,11 which was denied in a Resolution12 dated August 9, 2014.
The Issue Before the Court
The issue for the Court's resolution is whether or not the IBP correctly found Atty. Gasmen liable for violation of the Notarial Rules and the CPR.
The Court's Ruling The findings of the IBP are well taken.
The Court notes that both the SP A and the loan application subject of this case were notarized in 2000, during which Act No. 271113 of the Revised Administrative Code of 1917, Title IV, Chapter 11, otherwise known as the "Notarial Law," in addition to Act No. 2103,14 governed the rules on notaries public.
Section 1 (a) of Act No. 2103 provides:
Section 1. x x x
(a) The acknowledgement shall be made before a notary public or an officer duly authorized by law of the country to take acknowledgements of instruments or documents in the place where the act is done. The notary public or the officer taking the acknowledgement shall certify that the person acknowledging the instrument or document is known to him and that he is the same person who executed it, and acknowledged that the same is his free act and deed. The certificate shall be made under his official seal, if he is by law required to keep a seal, and if not, his certificate shall so state.
One of the obligations of a notary public is to authenticate documents acknowledged before him, certifying the truth thereof under his seal of office.15 When acknowledging a document, it is required that the person who signed or executed the same, appears in person before the notary public and represents to the latter that the signature on the document was voluntarily affixed by him for the purposes stated in the document, declaring the same as his free and voluntary act and deed.16 Thereafter, the notary public affixes his notarial seal on the instrument which certifies the due execution of the document, and resultantly, converts a private document into a public document which on its face, is entitled to full faith and credit.17
In the discharge of his powers and duties, the notary public's certification is one impressed with public interest, accuracy and fidelity18 such that he owes it to the public to notarize only when the person who signs the document is the same person who executed it and personally appeared before him to attest to his knowledge of the contents stated therein. Thus, the Court has repeatedly emphasized the necessity of an affiant's personal appearance and makes the failure to observe such rule punishable. In fact, such necessity has been further stressed in Section 2 (b) of Rule IV of the Rules on Notarial Practice of 2004, which provides:
SEC. 2. Prohibitions. - x x x
(b) A person shall not perform a notarial act if the person involved as signatory to the instrument or document –
(1) is not in the notary's presence personally at the time of the notarization; and
(2) is not personally known to the notary public or otherwise identified by the notary public through competent evidence of identity as defined by these Rules.
In Dela Cruz-Sillano v. Pangan,19 the Court suspended a lawyer both from the practice of law and from his notarial commission for notarizing an SP A without the personal appearance of the affiant. It held that a lawyer commissioned to be a notary public is mandated to discharge his sacred duties and observe faithfully the legal solemnity of an oath in an acknowledgement or jurat. Similarly, the Court has meted out penalties on erring notaries for notarizing a document despite the non-appearance of one of the signatories. It is settled that such practice constitutes unlawful, dishonest, immoral, or deceitful conduct.20
In this case, Atty. Gasmen claimed that before the SP A and loan application were notarized, the proceeds were already released to NGC by AMWSLAI, thus, dispensing with the need for notarization. Moreover, he insisted that the notarization of said documents was merely done on a ministerial basis, with proper safeguards, and that it cannot be expected of him to require the personal appearance of every loan applicant considering the hundreds of loan applications brought to him for signing.21
The Court is not persuaded.
Notarization is not an empty, meaningless, or routinary act.22 It is impressed with substantial public interest, and only those who are qualified or authorized may act as such. It is not a purposeless ministerial act of acknowledging documents executed by parties who are willing to pay fees for notarization.23 Moreover, notarization of a private document, such as an SP A in this case, converts the document into a public one which, on its face, is given full faith and credit. Thus, the failure of Atty. Gasmen to observe the utmost care in the performance of his duties caused not only damage to those directly affected by the notarized document,24 but also undermined the integrity of a notary public and tainted the function of notarization.25
Further, as a lawyer, Atty. Gasmen is expected at all times to uphold the integrity and dignity of the legal profession and refrain from any act or omission which might erode the trust and confidence reposed by the public in the integrity of the legal profession. By notarizing the subject documents, he engaged in unlawful, dishonest, immoral, or deceitful conduct which makes him liable as well for violation of the pertinent rules of the CPR, particularly Rule 1.01, Canon 1 which provides:
CANON 1 - A LAWYER SHALL UPHOLD THE CONSTITUTION, OBEY THE LAWS OF THE LAND AND PROMOTE RESPECT FOR LAW AND LEGAL PROCESSES.
Rule 1.01 - A lawyer shall not engage in unlawful, dishonest, immoral or deceitful conduct.
As to the proper penalty, the Court finds the need to modify the penalty recommended by the IBP.1âwphi1 The Court has ruled that a notary public who fails to discharge his duties as such is meted out the following penalties: (1) revocation of notarial commission; (2) disqualification from being commissioned as notary public; and (3) suspension from the practice of law - the terms of which vary based on the circumstances of each case. In this case, while the IBP Commissioner found the absence of bad faith and considered Atty. Gasmen as a first time offender, the Court finds that the penalties of disqualification from being commissioned as notary public for a period of two (2) years and suspension from the practice of law for one (1) year are proper.26 On this score, the Court observes that Atty. Gasmen did not deny notarizing the documents without the presence of Sappayani and indirectly admitted doing the same with other similar documents and affiants. Thus, such practice, he evidently countenanced fraud.
WHEREFORE, the Court finds respondent Atty. Renato G. Gasmen GUILTY of violation of the Notarial Law and the Code of Professional Responsibility. Accordingly, the Court hereby SUSPENDS him from the practice of law for one (1) year; REVOKES his incumbent commission as a notary public; and PROHIBITS him from being commissioned as a notary public for two (2) years, effective immediately. He is WARNED that a repetition of the same offense or similar acts in the future shall be dealt with more severely.
SO ORDERED.
ESTELA M. PERLAS-BERNABE
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
MARIA LOURDES P.A. SERENO
Chief Justice
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice |
PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, JR.
Associate Justice |
TERESITA J. LEONARDO-DE CASTRO
Associate Justice |
ARTURO D. BRION
Associate Justice |
DIOSDADO M. PERALTA
Associate Justice |
LUCAS P. BERSAMIN
Associate Justice |
MARIANO C. DEL CASTILLO
Associate Justice |
MARTIN S. VILLARAMA ,JR.
Associate Justice |
JOSE PORTUGAL PEREZ
Associate Justice |
JOSE CATRAL MENDOZA
Associate Justice |
On Leave
BIENVENIDO L. REYES*
Associate Justice |
MARVIC M.V.F. LEONEN
Associate Justice |
FRANCIS H. JARDELEZA
Associate Justice
CERTIFIED XEROX COPY
FELIPA B. ANAMA
CLERK OF COURT, EN BANC
SUPREME COURT
Footnotes
* On leave.
1 Rollo, pp. 4-6.
2 Received on February 16, 2006; id. at 2.
3 Through a Court Resolution signed by Clerk of Court Ma. Luisa D. Villarama; id. at 55.
4 Id. at 84.
5 Id. at 4-5.
6 Id. at 41-42.
7 Id. at 97-107.
8 Id. at 6-7.
9 See Notice of Resolution signed by National Secretary Nasser A. Marohomsalic; id. at 96, including dorsal portion.
10 Id. at 96.
11 Not attached to the rollo.
12 Id. at 119.
13 Entitled "AN ACT AMENDING THE ADMINISTRATIVE CODE" (October 1, 1917).
14 Entitled "AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE ACKNOWLEDGMENT AND AUTHENTICATION OF INSTRUMENTS AND DOCUMENTS WITHOUT THE PHILIPPINE ISLANDS" (January 26, 1912).
15 Section 241, Title IV, Chapter 11, Article II of the Administrative Code provides:
SEC. 241. Powers of notary public. - Every notary public shall have power to administer all oaths and affirmations provided for by law, in all matters incident to his notarial office, and in the execution of affidavits, depositions, and other documents requiring an oath x x x and such other writings as are commonly proved or acknowledged before notaries x x x and to make declarations and certify the truth thereof under his seal of office, concerning all matters done by him by virtue of his office.
16 See also Section I, Rule II of the 2004 Rules on Notarial Practice.
17 Gonzales v. Ramos, 499 Phil. 345, 350 (2005).
18 Id.
19 592 Phil. 219 (2008).
20 Caalim-Verzonilla v. Pascua, 674 Phil. 550, 563 (2011).
21 Rollo, pp. 41-42.
22 Dela Cruz-Sillano v. Pangan, supra note 19, at 227.
23 Isenhardt v. Real, 682 Phil. 19, 26 (2012).
24 Agbulos v. Viray, A.C. No. 7350, February 18, 2013, 691 SCRA 1, 8.
25 Dela Cruz-Sillano v. Pangan, supra note 19, at 228.
26 Agbulos v. Viray, supra note 24, at 9.
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