Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
SECOND DIVISION
G.R. No. 193665 June 25, 2012
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, Plaintiff-Appellee,
vs.
RICARDO BOSI y DANAO, Accused-Appellant.
D E C I S I O N
REYES, J.:
We resolve the appeal filed by Ricardo Bosi y Danao (accused-appellant) from the Decision1 dated December 23, 2009 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. CR HC No. 03226.
Antecedent Facts
The victim (AAA) testified that on November 2, 2001, at about 10:00 o'clock in the evening, AAA went to bed to sleep beside her younger sister. While sleeping, AAA’s father and mother woke her up so that she could transfer to the sala where her parents and siblings were sleeping. AAA heeded her father's command out of fear. AAA then slept again but was awakened when she felt her father pulling down her shorts and panty. AAA tried to push him and kicked him while accused-appellant held her hand; finally, accused-appellant went on top of her, kissed her and inserted his penis inside her vagina. AAA succumbed to her father's bestial desire out of fear that the latter might hurt her mother and her siblings. Subsequently, accused-appellant tried to rape AAA again at about 5:00 o'clock in the morning but did not succeed. AAA reported the crime to the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) the following morning, accompanied by her aunt Raquel Bosi, the sister of the accused-appellant.2
Accused-appellant was subsequently charged with violation of Article 266-A, No. 1(a) of the Revised Penal Code, as amended by Republic Act (R.A.) No. 8353 or the Anti-Rape Law of 1997, which was docketed as Criminal Case No. 9711. The Information states as follows:
"That on or about November 02, 2001, and for sometime subsequent thereto, in the Municipality of Iguig, Cagayan, and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the said accused RICARDO BOSI y DANAO, father of the complainant, [AAA], a woman twenty four (24) years of age thus, have [sic] moral ascendancy over the aforesaid complainant, with lewd design, and by the use of force[,] threat and intimidation, did, then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously kiss, caress the private parts of the complainant and thereafter have sexual intercourse with the herein complainant, [AAA], his own daughter a woman twenty four (24) years of age, against her will.
Contrary to law."3
During trial, aside from the testimony of AAA, the prosecution also offered as part of their evidence: (a) the medico-legal certificate issued by Dr. Ma. Vida Lappay-Fuguiao, Medical Officer III of Cagayan Valley Medical Center (CVMC) in Tuguegarao City, and (b) the sworn statement AAA gave to the Iguig Police.4
Meanwhile, the accused-appellant in his defense simply denied the accusation against him. He claimed that AAA charged him with rape because he slapped her when she eloped with her boyfriend and because he asked her to stop her studies for one year. He alleged that his daughter even warned him that he would have his comeuppance. He insisted that he could have not raped his daughter because they were then sleeping with AAA’s mother and siblings. The defense also presented the accused-appellant's son, Santiago Bosi (Santiago), who testified that his father could not have raped his sister because his mother and siblings were sleeping with her and their father. Aside from the accused-appellant and Santiago's testimonies, the defense also offered the counter-affidavit which was submitted during the preliminary investigation.5
The Regional Trial Court (RTC) Ruling
After weighing the evidence adduced by both sides, the RTC found the accused-appellant guilty. It gave credence to the testimony of AAA who narrated her ordeal in a straightforward, convincing, and consistent manner, interrupted only by her convulsive sobbing. It disbelieved the accused-appellant's alibi that his daughter charged him with rape because he disciplined her; it also did not give much weight to the accused-appellant's argument that he could have not raped AAA because he and AAA slept together with AAA’s mother and siblings. The trial court found the accused-appellant's denial as simply self-serving and inherently weak, especially without a strong evidence of non-accountability. Finally, the RTC held that defense witness Santiago’s testimony deserves scant consideration because negative evidence cannot prevail over the positive assertions of private complainant AAA. The RTC ratiocinated that lust is no respecter of time and precinct and known to happen in most unlikely places. The accused-appellant was sentenced to suffer the penalty of imprisonment of reclusion perpetua and to indemnify the victim in the amount of ₱50,000.00 by way of civil indemnity, ₱50,000.00 as moral damages, and ₱30,000.00 as exemplary damages.6
The CA Ruling
The CA affirmed the ruling of the RTC, explaining that when the credibility of the victim is put in issue, as in this case, it will adhere to the well-entrenched rule that the findings of the trial court on credibility of witnesses are entitled to great weight on appeal unless cogent reasons are presented necessitating a reexamination, if not disturbance, of the same; the reason being that the former is in a better and unique position of hearing first hand the witnesses and observing their deportment, conduct and attitude. It also agreed with the RTC in not giving credence to accused-appellant's argument that he could have not raped his daughter since there were other members of the family sleeping in the sala. The CA reechoed the RTC's ruling that lust is no respecter of time and precinct and known to happen in most unlikely places. It also did not agree with the accused-appellant's argument that AAA did not show resistance. It ratiocinated that rape victims show no uniform reaction. Finally, the CA also disagreed with the accused-appellant's allegation that AAA was motivated by ill-will in filing the case because it has been found that mere disciplinary chastisement is not strong enough reason for daughters in a Filipino family to invent charges that would bring shame and humiliation to the victim and to her family and loved ones.7
Issues
Considering that accused-appellant Ricardo Bosi and plaintiff-appellee People of the Philippines adopted their respective briefs before the CA, we now rule on the matter based on the issues8 which the accused-appellant raised in his brief before the CA, to wit:
I
THE TRIAL COURT GRAVELY ERRED IN GIVING CREDENCE TO THE PRIVATE COMPLAINANT'S VERSION DESPITE ITS IMPROBABILITY AND HER ILL FEELINGS TOWARDS [THE] ACCUSED-APPELLANT.
II
THE TRIAL COURT GRAVELY ERRED IN PRONOUNCING THE GUILT OF THE ACCUSED-APPELLANT DESPITE THE PROSECUTION'S FAILURE TO PROVE HIS GUILT WITH MORAL CERTAINTY.9
Our Ruling
We dismiss the appeal.
After a careful review of the records of this case, we see no reason to reverse or modify the findings of the RTC, especially because the CA has affirmed the same.
The accused-appellant claims that the trial court gravely erred in giving credence to AAA’s version despite its improbability and her ill-feelings towards him. He alleges that he could have not raped his daughter because at that time he and AAA were sleeping with his wife and his other children. He also argues that AAA never testified that he used a weapon to compel her to submit to his desires. Rather, AAA’s only justification for her silence was her unfounded fear that the accused-appellant might harm her mother and siblings, considering her father's domineering and tyrannical ways.
In deciding this case, we are guided by the three principles which courts should take into account when reviewing rape cases, namely: (1) an accusation for rape is easy to make, difficult to prove, and even more difficult to disprove; (2) in view of the intrinsic nature of the crime, where only two persons are usually involved, the testimony of the complainant must be scrutinized with utmost caution; and (3) the evidence for the prosecution must stand or fall on its own merits and cannot draw strength from the weakness of the evidence for the defense.10 Because of these guiding principles, we are confronted with one core issue: the credibility of the victim.
Time and again, we have held that when at issue is the credibility of the victim, we give great weight to the trial court’s assessment. In fact, the trial court's finding of facts is even conclusive and binding, if not tainted with arbitrariness or oversight of some fact or circumstance of weight and influence. Our reason is that the trial court had the full opportunity to observe directly the witnesses’ deportment and manner of testifying. It is in a better position than the appellate court to properly evaluate testimonial evidence.11
In the instant case, both the RTC and the CA recognized the credibility and believability of AAA’s testimony.1âwphi1 They both gave credence to the testimony of AAA who narrated her ordeal in a straightforward, convincing, and consistent manner, interrupted only by her convulsive sobbing. We cannot but do the same, considering that both the RTC and the CA found AAA’s testimony credible and believable. Indeed, AAA’s brother Santiago testified that his father could have not raped her because he would have heard it. Moreover, Santiago did not categorically say that no rape happened. Rather, he only claimed that since he was at the other room he could have heard whatever happened at the other room where the rape occurred. Not because Santiago did not hear anything and the victim did not shout, no rape has ever happened. As correctly pointed out by the RTC, defense witness Santiago's testimony deserves scant consideration because negative evidence cannot prevail over the positive assertions of the private complainant. An evidence is negative when the witness states that he did not see or know the occurrence.12 In this case, what Santiago declared in the RTC is that he did not hear anything, but such testimony does not negate the positive assertion of AAA that she was raped. Thus, "[b]etween the positive assertions of the [victim] and the negative averments of the [appellant], the former indisputably deserve more credence and are entitled to greater evidentiary weight.13 Furthermore, we agree with both the RTC and the CA that lust is no respecter of time and precinct and known to happen in most unlikely places. Indeed, rape can either happen in populated area or in the privacy of a room.
Of course, the accused-appellant belabored the issues of AAA’s lack of resistance and the absence in her testimony of an allegation that the accused-appellant used a weapon to make her submit to his desires. However, the same must fail because not all victims react in the same manner14 and that the absence of the use of weapon is immaterial since, as put forward by the Office of the Solicitor General, "(The lack of) resistance is immaterial when the accused is the father or is closely related to the victim, the moral ascendancy and influence substitutes physical violence or intimidation."15
The accused-appellant also argued that AAA charged her own father of rape because she begrudged him for his tyrannical ways. However, we agree with the RTC and the CA when they said that mere disciplinary chastisement does not suffice for a daughter to accuse her father and invent charges of rape which would bring shame and humiliation to the victim and to her family and loved ones if the same did not really happen. In our view, we cannot simply ignore the consistent and unwavering testimony of AAA pointing to her father as her rapist.
Finally, our moral fiber must have truly deteriorated with fathers raping their own children. For a Christian nation like ours, such bestial act should never be tolerated. Some would argue that for the sake of the family the child must forgive her father-tormentor. But in the eyes of the law, a crime is a crime and justice dictates that fathers who rape their children deserve no place in our society.
WHEREFORE, premises considered, the Decision dated December 23, 2009 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. CR No. HC-03226 is hereby AFFIRMED.
SO ORDERED.
BIENVENIDO L. REYES
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Senior Associate Justice
Chairperson, Second Division
ARTURO D. BRION
Associate Justice |
JOSE PORTUGAL PEREZ
Associate Justice |
MARIA LOURDES P. A. SERENO
Associate Justice
C E R T I F I C A T I O N
I certify that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Senior Associate Justice
(Per Section 12, R.A. 296, The Judiciary Act of 1948, as amended)
Footnotes
1 Penned by Associate Justice Romeo F. Barza, with Associate Justices Portia Aliño-Hormachuelos and Magdangal M. De Leon, concurring; rollo, pp. 2-12.
2 CA rollo, pp. 14-17.
3 Id.
4 Id. at 14-16.
5 Id. at 17-18.
6 Id. at 18-22.
7 Id. at 93-97.
8 Id. at 35.
9 Id.
10 People v. Ben Rubio, G.R. No. 195239, March 7, 2012.
11 Id.
12 People v. Queliza, 344 Phil. 561, 573 (1997).
13 People v. Paterno Sarmiento Samandre, G.R. No. 181497, February 22, 2012.
14 People v. Noveras, G.R. No. 171349, April 27, 2007, 522 SCRA 777.
15 CA rollo, p. 70, citing People v. Abella, G.R. No. 131847, September 22, 1999, 315 SCRA 36.
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