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Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila

FIRST DIVISION

G.R. No. 154623               March 13, 2009

JIMMY T. GO, Petitioner,
vs.
THE CLERK OF COURT AND EX-OFFICIO PROVINCIAL SHERIFF OF NEGROS OCCIDENTAL, ILDEFONSO M. VILLANUEVA, JR., and SHERIFF DIOSCORO F. CAPONPON, JR. and MULTI-LUCK CORPORATION, Respondents.

D E C I S I O N

LEONARDO-DE CASTRO, J.:

Before us is a petition for review on certiorari assailing the Decision¹ dated April 30, 2002 and Resolution² dated July 31, 2002, of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. SP No. 64473, which reversed and set aside the November 23, 2000 and December 7, 2000 Orders of the Regional Trial Court (RTC) of Pasig City, Branch 266 which in turn, granted petitioner’s motion for issuance of a writ of preliminary injunction and denied respondents’ motion to dismiss, respectively.

The present controversy stemmed from the execution of the Decision of RTC, Bacolod City, Branch 45 in a complaint for collection of a sum of money³ docketed as Civil Case No. 98-10404. As culled from the CA decision and from the pleadings filed by the parties in the present case, the factual and procedural antecedents are as follows:

On August 10, 1998, respondent Multi-Luck Corporation (Multi-Luck) filed a collection suit against Alberto T. Looyuko (Looyuko) as sole proprietor of Noah’s Ark Merchandising Inc. (NAMI). The complaint pertained to three (3) dishonored United Coconut Planters Bank (UCPB) checks with an aggregate amount of ₱8,985,440.00 issued by Looyuko/NAMI to Mamertha General Merchandising. These checks were indorsed to Multi-Luck, who claimed to be a holder in due course of such checks.

On January 27, 2000, upon Multi-Luck’s motion for judgment on the pleadings, the Bacolod RTC rendered a Decision⁴ ordering Looyuko/NAMI to pay Multi-Luck the value of the three (3) UCPB checks. Looyuko/NAMI did not file an appeal. Hence, the Decision became final and executory.

Upon Multi-Luck’s motion, the Bacolod RTC issued a writ of execution⁵ over a house and lot covered by TCT No. T-126519 registered in the name of Looyuko and one share in the Negros Occidental Golf and Country Club, Inc. in the name of NAMI. The auction sales were scheduled on November 10, 2000⁶ (for the house and lot) and November 6, 2000 (for the stock certificate),⁷ respectively.1avvphi1

On October 25, 2000, petitioner filed a complaint for injunction with a prayer for temporary restraining order and/or writ of preliminary injunction against respondents before the RTC, Pasig City, Branch 266, where the case was docketed as Civil Case No. 68125.⁸ The complaint alleged that petitioner is a "business partner" of Looyuko and that the former co-owned the properties of Looyuko/NAMI including the properties subject of the aforementioned auction sales. It was further alleged that the intended public auction of the subject properties would unduly deprive him of his share of the property without due process of law considering that he was not impleaded as a party in Civil Case No. 98-10404.

Multi-Luck filed a motion to dismiss⁹ on the ground, among others, that the Pasig RTC had no jurisdiction over the subject matter of petitioner’s claim and over the public respondent sheriffs as well as over Multi-Luck.

In the Order¹⁰ dated October 30, 2000, the Pasig RTC granted petitioner’s prayer for issuance of a Temporary Restraining Order (TRO).

Thereafter, in the Order¹¹ dated November 23, 2000, the Pasig RTC issued a writ of preliminary injunction enjoining public respondent sheriffs Caponpon, Jr. and Villanueva, Jr. from holding the public auction.

In the Order¹² dated December 7, 2000, the Pasig RTC denied respondents’ motion to dismiss.

Multi-Luck moved for the reconsideration of the November 23, 2000 and December 7, 2000 Orders but both motions were also denied by the Pasig RTC in separate Orders¹³ both dated February 2, 2001.

Multi-Luck elevated the case to the CA via a petition for certiorari and prohibition with prayer for the issuance of restraining order and/or injunction.

As previously stated herein, in the Decision¹⁴ dated April 30, 2002, the CA granted Multi-Luck’s petition and reversed the ruling of the Pasig RTC. The CA ruled that the November 23, 2000 Order issued by the Pasig RTC interfered with the order of the Bacolod RTC, which is a co-equal and coordinate court. The CA held that the Pasig RTC gravely abused its discretion when it granted the injunctive relief prayed for by petitioner despite the glaring lack of a clear legal right on the part of the latter to support his cause of action. Petitioner filed a motion for reconsideration but the CA denied the same in its equally challenged Resolution dated July 31, 2002.

Hence, this present petition for review on certiorari.

Petitioner theorizes that since he was a "stranger" to Civil Case No. 98-10404, he should be considered a "third party claimant" pursuant to Rule 39, Section 16 of the Rules of Court.¹⁵ Corollarily, whatever judgment or decision rendered in the Civil Case No. 98-10404 did not bind him or his properties. Petitioner adds that as a co-owner of all properties and monies belonging to Looyuko/NAMI, he was unduly prejudiced by the Decision in Civil Case No. 98-10404. Petitioner insists that he should have been impleaded in Civil Case No. 98-10404 so that there could be a final determination of the action as to him. He argues that the principle on "non-intervention of co-equal courts" does not apply where, as here, a third party claimant is involved.

We are not persuaded.

We have time and again reiterated the doctrine that no court has the power to interfere by injunction with the judgments or orders of another court of concurrent jurisdiction having the power to grant the relief sought by injunction.¹⁶ This doctrine of non-interference is premised on the principle that a judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction may not be opened, modified or vacated by any court of concurrent jurisdiction.¹⁷ As correctly ratiocinated by the CA, cases wherein an execution order has been issued, are still pending, so that all the proceedings on the execution are still proceedings in the suit.¹⁸ Since the Bacolod RTC had already acquired jurisdiction over the collection suit (Civil Case No. 98-10404) and rendered judgment in relation thereto, it retained jurisdiction to the exclusion of all other coordinate courts over its judgment, including all incidents relative to the control and conduct of its ministerial officers, namely public respondent sheriffs. Thus, the issuance by the Pasig RTC of the writ of preliminary injunction in Civil Case No. 68125 was a clear act of interference with the judgment of Bacolod RTC in Civil Case No. 98-10404.

The jurisprudential "exception" adverted to by petitioner, i.e. Santos v. Bayhon, 199 SCRA 525 (1991), finds no application in this case. In Santos, we allowed the implementation of a writ of execution issued by the Labor Arbiter to be enjoined by order of the RTC where a third party claimant had filed his action to recover property involved in the execution sale, since the Labor Arbiter had no jurisdiction to decide matters of ownership of property and the civil courts are the proper venue therefor. In the case at bar, the Bacolod RTC had jurisdiction and competence to resolve the question of ownership of the property involved had petitioner filed his claim with the said court.

To reiterate, a case, in which an execution order has been issued, is still pending, so that all proceedings on the execution are still proceedings in the suit.¹⁹ Hence, any questions that may be raised regarding the subject matter of Civil Case No. 98-10404 or the execution of the decision in said case is properly threshed out by the Bacolod RTC.

As to petitioner’s argument that he was unduly prejudiced by the Decision in Civil Case No. 98-10404 as a co-owner of all properties and monies belonging to Looyuko/NAMI, the Court finds the same to be without basis.

Section 3, Rule 58 of the Rules of Court enumerates the grounds for the issuance of a preliminary injunction:

SEC. 3. Grounds for issuance of preliminary injunction. – A preliminary injunction may be granted when it is established:

(a) That the applicant is entitled to the relief demanded, and the whole or part of such relief consists in restraining the commission or continuance of the act or acts complained of, or in requiring the performance of an act or acts, either for a limited period or perpetually;

(b) That the commission, continuance, or non-performance of the act or acts complained of during the litigation would probably work injustice to the applicant; or

(c) That a party, court, agency or a person is doing, threatening, or is attempting to do, or is procuring or suffering to be done, some act or acts probably in violation of the rights of the applicant respecting the subject of the action or proceeding, and tending to render the judgment ineffectual.

Pursuant to the above provision, a clear and positive right especially calling for judicial protection must be shown. Injunction is not a remedy to protect or enforce contingent, abstract, or future rights; it will not issue to protect a right not in esse and which may never arise, or to restrain an act which does not give rise to a cause of action. There must exist an actual right.²⁰ There must be a patent showing by the complaint that there exists a right to be protected and that the acts against which the writ is to be directed are violative of said right.²¹

The purpose of a preliminary injunction is to prevent threatened or continuous irremediable injury to some of the parties before their claims can be thoroughly studied and adjudicated. Thus, to be entitled to an injunctive writ, the petitioner has the burden to establish the following requisites:

(1) a right in esse or a clear and unmistakable right to be protected;

(2) a violation of that right;

(3) that there is an urgent and permanent act and urgent necessity for the writ to prevent serious damage.²²

To bolster his claim of interest on the attached properties, petitioner presented the Agreement dated February 9, 1982,²³ which provides in part:

2. That while on record the aforementioned business ventures (companies) are registered in the name of the FIRST PARTY, the founder and who initially provided the necessary capital for the very first business venture which they have established, the management expertise and actual operation thereof are provided by the SECOND PARTY who by mutual consent and agreement by the parties themselves, is entitled to ½ or 50% of the business, goodwill, profits, real and personal properties owned by the companies now existing as well as those that will be organized in the future, bank deposits, (savings and current) money market placements, stocks, time deposits inventories and such other properties of various forms and kinds. It is, however, clearly and explicitly understood that the foregoing do not include the individual properties of the parties.

3. That for official record purposes and for convenience, the aforesaid business ventures will remain registered in the name of the FIRST PARTY until the parties decide otherwise.

Petitioner further claimed that the February 9, 1982 Agreement was complimented by another Agreement dated October 10, 1986,²⁴ viz:

WHEREAS, the above-named parties, have equally pooled their talents, expertise and financial resources in forming NOAH’S ARK MERCHANDISING, which includes, among others –

- Noah's Ark International

- Noah’s Sugar Carriers

- Noah’s Ark Sugar Truckers

- Noah’s Ark Sugar Repackers

- Noah’s Ark Sugar Insurers

- Noah’s Ark Sugar Terminal

- Noah’s Ark Sugar Building (including the land on which the building stands)

- Noah’s Ark Sugar Refinery (including the plant/buildings/machinery situated in the compound including the land on which the refinery is situated)

and which business enterprise are otherwise collectively known as the NOAH’S ARK GROUP OF COMPANIES.

WHEREAS, the above-enumerated business firms are all registered in the name of ALBERTO T. LOOYUKO only as Proprietor for purposes of expediency;

xxx xxx xxx

NOW, THEREFORE, and in consideration of the above premises, the parties hereby agree as follows:

1. That the profits and losses of any of the above firms shall be equally apportioned between the two parties;

2. In case of the dissolution of any of the above firms, or in the event of destruction of [sic] loss of any property of the above firm, all the assets thereof, including the insurance proceeds in the event of total/partial destruction shall likewise be divided EQUALLY between the parties; xxx xxx xxx

However, the Court notes that the authenticity and the due execution of these documents are presently under litigation in other proceedings which are not pending before the Pasig RTC. There appears to be a pending case, wherein Looyuko claims that his signatures on these Agreements were a forgery.²⁵

Moreover, as correctly observed by the CA, NAMI had already been in existence as early as the middle part of the 1970’s. It is undeniable that for a little more than two (2) decades pending the advent of the present controversy, NAMI has been doing business as a registered single proprietorship with Looyuko as single proprietor. On this score, we quote the following discussion of the CA:

At this juncture, this Court notes that even assuming the validity of the foregoing partnership agreements, for all legal intents and purposes and in terms of binding effect against third persons, the Noah’s Ark Merchandising is a registered single proprietorship. Corollarily, third persons dealing with the said business, including Multi-Luck, had the right to rely on the fact that the registered single proprietor thereof, in the person of Alberto Looyuko, may be held personally liable for any and all liabilities of the single proprietorship and vice-versa. Moreover, this Court finds it very unlikely that for more than twenty-years of the existence of the business, and considering Private Respondent’s purported personal interest in the business, he would risk allowing third persons to deal with and consequently have the business liable as a single proprietorship when Private Respondent, assuming a valid partnership indeed existed, could have easily compelled Alberto Looyuko to cause the registration of the business as a partnership to afford legitimate protection to Private Respondent’s property interests therein as a partner thereof. In any event, Private Respondent is now estopped from disavowing the standing of Noah’s Ark Merchandising as a registered single proprietorship and from claiming that the properties in question belong to a purported partnership. xxx xxx xxx

Proceeding from the foregoing disquisition, it was proper for Multi-Luck to have not impleaded Private Respondent in Civil Case No. 98-10404 considering that only Alberto Looyuko was being made liable being the single proprietor of Noah’s Ark Merchandising. Corollarily, there can be no question on the propriety of Petitioners-Sheriffs authority to sell at public auction the subject properties which were owned by and registered in the name of Noah’s Ark Merchandising and/or Alberto Looyuko which, therefore, negates the existence of a clear right in favor of Private Respondent which would merit the protection of the courts through the writ of preliminary injunction. Respondent Court, therefore, gravely abused its discretion in granting Private Respondent the injunctive relief sought for in the face of overwhelming evidence of lack of a clear legal right on the part of Private Respondent to support its cause of action. Jurisprudentially settled is the rule that:

It is always a ground for denying injunction that the party seeking it has insufficient title or interest to sustain it, and no claim to the ultimate relief sought – in other words, that he shows no equity. Want of equity on the part of the plaintiff in attempting to use the injunctive process of the court to enforce a mere barren right will justify the court in refusing the relief even though the defendant has little equity on his side. The complainant’s right or title, moreover, must be clear and unquestioned, for equity, as a rule, will not take cognizance of suits to establish title, and will not lend its preventive aid by injunction where the complainant’s title or right is doubtful or disputed. He must stand on the strength of his own right or title, rather than on the weakness of that claimed by his adversary. (Heirs of Joaquin Asuncion versus Margarito Gervacio, Jr., G.R. No. 115741, March 9, 1999, 304 SCRA 322, 330.)

At best, Private Respondent may file the proper action to enforce his rights, as against Alberto Looyuko, in the purported partnership. The institution of the instant injunction suit, however, is definitely not the proper forum.

The attached real properties are registered solely in the name of Looyuko and NAMI. Corollarily, petitioner had no standing to question the Bacolod RTC’s judgment as he is a stranger to Civil Case No. 98-10404 and he has no clear right or interest in the attached property. Likewise, the stock certificate is registered in the name of NAMI. Moreover, the checks subject of Civil Case No. 98-10404 were made in payment for obligations incurred by Looyuko in the course of the business operation of NAMI. Even assuming for the sake of argument that indeed, petitioner co-owns NAMI, whatever obligation the business incurred in the course of its operation is an obligation of petitioner as a part owner. In effect, petitioner was merely forestalling the implementation of a final judgment against the corporation which he purportedly co-owns.

On the issue of estoppel, the CA ruled that petitioner was estopped from claiming that he is a co-owner of the subject properties. Petitioner would argue that on June 6, 1998, he had caused the annotation of an "Affidavit of Adverse Claim"²⁶ over the attached real property covered by TCT No. 126519. According to him, in so doing, the whole world, including respondents, was informed of his being a co-owner thereof. However, the annotation of petitioner’s adverse claim is not notice to third parties dealing with the property that he is in fact a co-owner, only that he claims to be a co-owner and intends to file the appropriate action to confirm his right as such. Under Section 70 of P.D. 1529, petitioner’s adverse claim was effective for thirty days from its registration. Yet, from the records, it does not appear that petitioner filed an appropriate action with respect to his adverse claim prior to the attachment of the properties on execution. Thus, Looyuko and/or NAMI remained the sole owners of the subject properties at the time the Bacolod RTC ordered their sale on execution.

To recapitulate, once a decision becomes final and executory, it is the ministerial duty of the presiding judge to issue a writ of execution except in certain cases, as when subsequent events would render execution of the judgment unjust.²⁷ The present case does not fall within the recognized exceptions. In Paper Industries Corporation of the Philippines v. Intermediate Appellate Court,²⁸ we declared that a court has no jurisdiction to restrain the execution proceedings in another court with concurrent jurisdiction.

WHEREFORE, the petition is hereby DENIED. The assailed Decision dated April 30, 2002, and Resolution dated July 31, 2002 of the Court of Appeals in CA-G.R. SP No. 64473 are AFFIRMED.

Cost against petitioner.

SO ORDERED.

TERESITA J. LEONARDO-DE CASTRO
Associate Justice

WE CONCUR:

CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGO**
Associate Justice

ANTONIO T. CARPIO*** Acting Chairperson

RENATO C. CORONA Associate Justice

ARTURO D. BRION****
Associate Justice

A T T E S T A T I O N

I attest that the conclusions in the above Decision were reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division

ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
Acting Chairperson, First Division

C E R T I F I C A T I O N

Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution and the Acting Division Chairperson’s Attestation, I certify that the conclusions in the above decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.

LEONARDO A. QUISUMBING
Acting Chief Justice

Footnotes

* Chief Justice Puno is on official leave

** Additional member in lieu of Chief Justice Reynato S. Puno as per Special Order No. 584.

*** Acting Chairperson as per Special Order No. 583.

**** Additional member as per Special Order No. 570.

¹ Penned by Associate Justice Candido V. Rivera (ret.) and concurred in by Associate Justices Delilah Vidallon-Magtolis (ret.) and Sergio L. Pestaño (ret.), rollo, pp. 48-61.

² Id. at 63.

³ CA rollo, pp.65-69.

⁴ Id. at 79-82.

⁵ Id. at 83-84.

⁶ Id. at 86-87.

⁷ Id. at 85.

⁸ Rollo, pp. 194-200.

⁹ Id. at 212-220.

¹⁰ Id. at 202-203.

¹¹ Id. at 221-223.

¹² CA rollo, pp. 33-37.

¹³ Id. at 38-42, 64.

¹⁴ Supra note 1.

¹⁵ SEC. 16. Proceedings where property claimed by third person. - If the property levied on is claimed by any person other than the judgment obligor or his agent, and such person makes an affidavit of his title thereto or right to the possession thereof, stating the grounds of such right or title, and serves the same upon the officer making the levy and a copy thereof upon the judgment obligee, the officer shall not be bound to keep the property, unless such judgment obligee, on demand of the officer, files a bond approved by the court to indemnify the third-party claimant in a sum not less than the value of the property levied on. In case of disagreement as to such value, the same shall be determined by the court issuing the writ of execution. No claim for damages for the taking or keeping of the property may be enforced against the bond unless the action therefor is filed within one hundred twenty days (120) days from the date of the filing of the bond.

The officer shall not be liable for damages for the taking or keeping of the property, to any third-party claimant if such bond is filed. Nothing herein contained shall prevent such claimant or any third person from vindicating his claim to the property in a separate action, or prevent the judgment obligee from claiming damages in the same or a separate action against a third-party claimant who filed a frivolous or plainly spurious claim. xxx xxx xxx

¹⁶ Aquino, Sr. v. Valenciano, A.M. No. MTJ-93-746, December 27, 1994, 239 SCRA 428, 429; Prudential Bank v. Gapultos, G.R. No. L-41835 and Prudential Bank v. Leopoldo M. Serrano and Paquito Fuentes, G.R. No. L-49293, January 19, 1990, 181 SCRA 159, 171; Investors Finance Corporation v. Ebarle, G.R. No. L-70640, June 29, 1988, 163 SCRA 60, 70.

¹⁷ Philippine National Bank v. Pineda, G.R. No. 46658, May 13, 1991, 197 SCRA 1, 12.

¹⁸ David v. Court of Appeals, et al., G.R. No. 115821, October 13, 1999, 316 SCRA 710, 719, citing Balais v. Velasco, G.R. 118491, January 31, 1996, 252 SCRA 707, 708.

¹⁹ Ibid.

²⁰ Republic of the Philippines v. Judge Villarama, Jr., G.R. No. 117733, September 5, 1997, 278 SCRA 736, 749.

²¹ Government Service Insurance System v. Florendo, G.R. No. 48603, September 29, 1989, 178 SCRA 76, 83-84; National Power Corporation v. Vera, G.R. No. 83558, 27 February 1989, 170 SCRA 721, 727.

²² Limitless Potentials, Inc. v. Hon. Court of Appeals, Crisostomo Yalung and Atty. Roy Manuel Villasor, G.R. No. 166459, 24 April 2007, 522 SCRA 70, 83, citing Medina v. Greenfield Development Corporation, G.R. No. 140228, 19 November 2004, 443 SCRA 150, 159.

²³ Annex "C," RTC records, pp. 16-18.

²⁴ Annex "D", RTC records, pp. 19-21.

²⁵ DOJ Resolution dated September 17, 2001, CA rollo, pp. 271-280.

²⁶ Annex "F", RTC records, 23-24.

²⁷ Leticia T. Fideldia and Petra T. Fideldia v. Spouses Ray and Gloria Songcuan, G.R. No. 151352, July 29, 2005, 465 SCRA 218, 227-228, citing Philippine Veterans Bank v. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R. No. 73162, October 23, 1989, 178 SCRA 645.

²⁸ G.R. No. L-71365, 18 June 1987, 151 SCRA 161.

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