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Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila

FIRST DIVISION

A.M. No. P-09-2600               December 23, 2009

EMMA B. RAMOS, Complainant,
vs.
APOLLO R. RAGOT, Sheriff III, Municipal Trial Court in Cities, Gingoog City, Respondent.

D E C I S I O N

LEONARDO-DE CASTRO, J.:

In a sworn Affidavit-Complaint¹ dated March 10, 2007, Emma B. Ramos charged Apollo R. Ragot, Sheriff III, Municipal Trial Court in Cities (MTCC), Gingoog City, with grave misconduct, neglect of duty and dishonesty in connection with the implementation of the writ of execution in Criminal Case No. 2005-363.

Complainant alleged that she filed a criminal case against a Mrs. Neneth Kawaling (Mrs. Kawaling) for violation of Batas Pambansa Blg. 22 before the MTCC in Gingoog City. The case was decided on the basis of a Compromise Agreement, wherein Mrs. Kawaling committed to pay a total of ₱60,000.00 in six (6) monthly installments of ₱10,000.00 each. However, for failure of the accused to comply with the terms of the compromise, complainant filed a motion for execution which the trial court granted and in connection therewith issued a Writ of Execution² dated August 14, 2006.

In order to enforce the said writ, complainant coordinated with respondent sheriff. On October 6, 2006, complainant and her husband accompanied respondent sheriff to Mrs. Kawaling’s residence in Butuan City. The Ramoses used their own vehicle and spent for all the expenses for the trip.

In Butuan City, respondent sheriff was able to serve the writ on Mrs. Kawaling. Complainant and her husband just allowed the sheriff to discuss the writ with Mrs. Kawaling while they watched from a distance. After serving the writ and talking with Mrs. Kawaling, respondent informed the couple that Mrs. Kawaling promised to pay her obligations and the three of them traveled back to Gingoog City together. When they reached Gingoog City, respondent allegedly asked for the amount of ₱1,000.00 from the complainant, who initially questioned the sheriff’s demand since she and her husband bore all the expenses of their trip to Butuan City. When respondent told her that the payment was "the usual SOP," complainant paid the ₱1,000.00 which respondent acknowledged in a receipt.³ A week later, Mrs. Kawaling sent a check to the court in the amount of ₱10,750.00 in partial payment of her obligation.

In the following months, complainant repeatedly followed up the full implementation of the writ of execution with respondent since Mrs. Kawaling failed to make any further payments. However, respondent purportedly kept telling complainant to just wait for Mrs. Kawaling to make voluntary payments since levying Mrs. Kawaling’s real properties would take years.

On January 18, 2007, respondent sheriff allegedly asked complainant for ₱500.00 to be used for his trip to the Register of Deeds in Butuan City so that he can levy whatever real property he can find in the name of Mrs. Kawaling. Again, complainant paid and respondent issued a receipt⁴ for the said amount. After a few days, respondent informed complainant that he had already made a levy with the Register of Deeds but he left the file behind because the signatory was absent.

On February 1, 2007, respondent handed complainant a copy of what appeared to be a court-approved Itemized Estimated Amount of Expenses⁵ dated October 6, 2006 in the amount of ₱4,100.00 but he allegedly told her that there was no need to deposit the said amount in court. Instead, he told complainant to just give him some amount for his trip back to Butuan City to follow-up the levy that he made with the Register of Deeds. Complainant did not give the amount requested because respondent refused to issue a receipt for the same.

By this time, complainant was beginning to feel that the sheriff was stonewalling or neglecting her case. In a letter⁶ dated February 14, 2007, complainant, through counsel, requested the respondent to complete the implementation of the writ of execution. Respondent replied to the aforementioned letter and furnished complainant with a copy of Sheriff’s Return of Service⁷ dated February 22, 2007, indicating partial satisfaction of the writ of execution. Thereafter, no further action was made by the respondent sheriff with regard to the writ. As of the time of the filing of the complaint, the amount of ₱33,000.00 purportedly remained unsatisfied.

The foregoing circumstances led complainant to believe that respondent is in direct contact and communication with Mrs. Kawaling and the two are the ones deciding when and how much to pay complainant to complainant’s prejudice. Hence, complainant was constrained to file this administrative case against respondent.

Then Court Administrator Christopher Lock, in his 1st Indorsement⁸ dated March 28, 2007, required respondent sheriff to comment on the complaint.

In his Comment⁹ dated April 26, 2007, respondent presented his own version of what happened. Respondent confirmed that on October 6, 2006, complainant and her husband accompanied him to Butuan City to serve the writ of execution on Mrs. Kawaling. On the same date, they were also able to secure certified true copies of tax declarations under the name of Mrs. Kawaling from the city assessor’s office. Upon their return to Gingoog City and while they were at complainant’s house, complainant’s husband allegedly thanked respondent for agreeing to execute the writ even though the required sheriff’s expenses had not yet been deposited. Respondent purportedly told the couple not to worry about the sheriff’s expenses since they would be accounted for and refunded by the losing party. Respondent then suggested that they charge Mrs. Kawaling the amount of ₱1,000.00 for gasoline, meals and the fees paid at the Butuan City Assessor’s Office. Complainant’s husband then allegedly made him sign a ready-made receipt to acknowledge their expenses to Butuan City that day.

On January 18, 2007, respondent sheriff claimed that he reminded complainant about the Notice of Levy on Mrs. Kawaling’s real properties. According to respondent, complainant’s husband could not drive for them because of a marital spat so he simply asked for money to serve said notice in Butuan City. Complainant gave ₱500.00 which respondent acknowledged in a receipt. The following day, respondent served the Notice of Levy on the Register of Deeds of Butuan City and allegedly incurred expenses in the total amount of ₱559.00.

On February 1, 2007, respondent personally provided complainant a copy of the approved Itemized Amount of Expenses dated October 6, 2006. A few weeks later, respondent allegedly sent a letter¹⁰ to complainant requesting her to deposit the approved estimated amount of expenses with the Clerk of Court so he can continue with the implementation of the writ. Although complainant failed to make the deposit, respondent still went to the Register of Deeds of Butuan City to obtain the Notice of Levy on April 20, 2007.

Respondent sheriff denied having solicited the amount of ₱1,000.00 from complainant, but acknowledged that he signed a prepared receipt which complainant’s husband said would be used in claiming for reimbursement of expenses they incurred in going to Butuan City on October 6, 2006. He, however, admitted that he asked for and received from the complainant the amount of ₱500.00 when he went back to Butuan City to file the notice of levy. He claimed that his request for this amount was allowed under Section 10 of Amended Administrative Circular No. 35-2004 on the Guidelines in the Allocation of Legal Fees. After the trip, he purportedly liquidated his expenses and signed a receipt for the amount he received.

Respondent denied having told complainant that there was no need to deposit the approved estimate of sheriff’s expenses with the Clerk of Court, as in fact, he even wrote a letter dated February 15, 2007 to complainant to that effect. Likewise, he denied transacting directly with Mrs. Kawaling without the complainant’s knowledge.

Finally, respondent claimed that he executed the writ before the sheriff’s expenses could be deposited because of the complainant’s insistence as the latter was worried that Mrs. Kawaling would abscond.

In her reply-affidavit, complainant pointed out that respondent did not deny nor confirm personally receiving the amount of ₱1,000.00 from her on October 6, 2006; that while the Itemized Estimated Amount of Expenses was dated October 6, 2006, the document was given to her only on February 1, 2007; that respondent went back to the Register of Deeds of Butuan City on April 20, 2007, notwithstanding the absence of any deposit from the complainant, only because the present administrative complaint had already been filed against him; and that only after her counsel demanded from respondent to complete the enforcement of the writ did the latter execute the Sheriff’s Return of Service dated February 22, 2007.

In the agenda report dated November 24, 2008, the Office of the Court Administrator (OCA) made the following evaluation and recommendation:¹¹

EVALUATION: After thorough review of the records of this case, this Office believes that respondent sheriff should be disciplined for non-compliance with the requirements in the implementation of the writ of execution.

First, we observed that respondent sheriff failed to follow the procedure relative to the expenses to be incurred in implementing the writ. Section (10) (1), Rule 141 of the Rules of Court requires the sheriff to prepare and submit to the court for approval a statement of the estimated expenses. Upon approval of the said estimated expenses, the interested party shall deposit such amount with the Clerk of Court and ex-officio sheriff, who shall disburse the same to the deputy sheriff assigned to effect the process, subject to liquidation within the same period for rendering a return on the process. In this case, however, respondent did not wait for the approval of his statement of estimated expenses and served the writ without the required deposit due to the insistence of complainant who got worried that accused might abscond. Respondent should not have deviated from the rules of procedures. He should have waited for complainant to make the deposit because he is obliged to follow the prescribed procedure regardless of the persuasion coming from the complainant. Had he done so, he could have avoided any misunderstanding with the complainant as to the sheriff’s expenses.

Respondent’s failure to comply with the requirements in the implementation of the writ of execution led him to commit his second mistake. We noticed that respondent sheriff failed to make a return on the implementation of the writ of execution after every thirty (30) days from receipt of the writ.

Respondent stated in his return that he got hold of the writ on October 4, 2006 but he made his first and only return on February 22, 2007. Since the judgment was not satisfied in full within thirty (30) days after his receipt of the writ, respondent should have made the periodic report every thirty (30) days stating the reason/s therefore as required by section 14, Rule 39 of the Rules of Court. Had he done so, complainant would have no basis charging him of neglect of duty.

Simple Neglect of Duty under Section 52, B(1), Rule IV of the Uniform Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service, is punishable with suspension for a period of one (1) month and one (1) day to six (6) months for the first offense. Based on our record, this is the first administrative case filed against respondent sheriff. Hence, we are of the opinion that the penalty of suspension of one (1) month and one (1) day is proper.

WHEREFORE, IN VIEW OF ALL THE FOREGOING, it is respectfully recommended that this case be RE-DOCKETED as a regular administrative matter and APOLLO R. RAGOT, Sheriff, MTCC, Gingoog City, be found GUILTY of SIMPLE NEGLECT OF DUTY and be SUSPENDED for One (1) Month and One (1) day, the same to take effect immediately upon receipt of the Court’s decision.

In its Resolution¹² of January 19, 2009, the Court had the instant case re-docketed as a regular administrative matter and required the parties to manifest whether they were submitting the same on the basis of the pleadings filed. In separate manifestations, complainant and respondent separately manifested their conformity to a resolution of the case on the pleadings.

We concur with the OCA’s finding and recommended penalty.

At the outset, we must reiterate that the conduct and behavior of everyone connected with an office charged with the dispensation of justice is circumscribed with a heavy burden of responsibility, necessarily so if the faith and confidence of the people in the judiciary are to be maintained.¹³ This Court has repeatedly warned that by the very nature of their functions, sheriffs are under obligation to perform the duties of their office honestly, faithfully and to the best of their ability, and must conduct themselves with propriety and decorum, and above all else, be above suspicion.¹⁴

From the record, the following facts have been established:

(a) Respondent received the Writ of Execution on October 4, 2006.

(b) Respondent served the writ on Mrs. Kawaling on October 6, 2006 and acknowledged receiving the amount of ₱1,000.00 directly from complainant by signing a receipt therefor.

(c) On January 18, 2007, respondent asked for and received from complainant the amount of ₱500.00, as also evidenced by a receipt.

(d) Respondent handed a court-approved Itemized Estimated Amount of Expenses dated October 6, 2006 relative to the execution of the writ to complainant only on February 1, 2007.

(e) In a letter dated February 14, 2007, the counsel for complainant requested the respondent to undertake the complete enforcement of the writ of execution.

(f) Thereafter, complainant received from the respondent a Sheriff’s Return of Service dated February 22, 2007, reporting therein the partial satisfaction of the writ of execution. This was the first return of service executed by respondent sheriff since receiving the writ of execution and serving the same on Mrs. Kawaling more than four (4) months prior.

(g) Complainant filed an administrative case against respondent sheriff on March 26, 2007.

(h) Respondent submitted to the Court another Sheriff’s Return of Service¹⁵ dated October 17, 2007 reporting the full satisfaction of the writ of execution.

In the implementation of writs or processes of the court for which expenses are to be incurred, sheriffs are mandated to comply with Section 10, Rule 141 of the Rules of Court, as amended by A.M. No. 04-2-04-SC, the pertinent portion of which reads:

Sec. 10. Sheriffs, process servers and other persons serving processes.

x x x

With regard to sheriff’s expenses in executing writs issued pursuant to court orders or decisions or safeguarding the property levied upon, attached or seized, including kilometrage for each kilometer of travel, guards’ fees, warehousing and similar charges, the interested party shall pay said expenses in an amount estimated by the sheriff, subject to the approval of the court. Upon approval of said estimated expenses, the interested party shall deposit such amount with the clerk of court and ex-officio sheriff, who shall disburse the same to the deputy sheriff assigned to effect the process, subject to liquidation with the same period for rendering a return on the process. THE LIQUIDATION SHALL BE APPROVED BY THE COURT. Any unspent amount shall be refunded to the party making the deposit. A full report shall be submitted by the deputy sheriff assigned with his return, and the sheriff’s expenses shall be taxed as costs against the judgment debtor. (emphasis ours)

In this case, respondent sheriff served the writ of execution on October 6, 2006 without presenting complainant with a court approved estimate of expenses and without the required deposit from the complainant to the clerk of court. While the records reveal the existence of an approved Itemized Estimated Amount of Expenses¹⁶ dated October 6, 2006, a copy of that same itemized estimated expenses was only given to complainant on February 1, 2007 which was almost four (4) months after the writ of execution was served on the losing party.

Likewise in contravention of Rule 141, respondent directly received money from the complainant. Respondent’s bare denial that he solicited the amount of ₱1,000.00 from the complainant on October 6, 2006 cannot be given credence for he had even signed a receipt for such amount.

We likewise cannot sustain respondent’s justification that his solicitation and receipt of the amount of ₱500.00 from complainant on January 18, 2007 were allowed under Section 10 of Amended Administrative Circular No. 35-2004.¹⁷ Said circular merely contains the guidelines in the allocation of the Legal Fees Collected under Rule 141 of the Rules of Court, as amended, between the Special Allowance for the Judiciary Fund and the Judiciary Development Fund and nowhere in Section 10 thereof is it provided that sheriffs are tasked to directly solicit and receive money for expenses relative to the implementation of a writ of execution. On the contrary, said Section 10 of Amended Administrative Circular No. 35-2004 reproduces the proviso in Rule 141 that with regard to sheriff's expenses in executing a writ, the amount to be estimated by the sheriff is subject to the approval of the court after which the interested party shall deposit such amount with the clerk of court and ex-officio sheriff, who shall disburse the same to the deputy sheriff assigned to effect the process.

In any event, whether the money was solicited by respondent or voluntarily given to him is of no moment. The fact remains that he personally accepted money from complainant to implement the writ of execution and, worse, without furnishing the latter an estimate of expenses approved by the court in violation of the rules. As we likewise ruled in Letter of Atty. Socorro M. Villamer-Basilla:¹⁸

x x x Whether the amount was advanced to him [respondent sheriff] by the counsel for the plaintiffs or he offered to return the excess to the plaintiff is beside the point, his mere acceptance of the amount without the prior approval of the court and without him issuing a receipt therefor is clearly a misconduct in office.

Moreover, in Bunagan v. Ferraren,¹⁹ this Court categorically declared that "[a] sheriff cannot just unilaterally demand sums of money from a party-litigant without observing the proper procedure, to do so would be tantamount to dishonesty or extortion."

Indeed, respondent sheriff should have followed the rules of procedure pertaining to the collection of the fees and expenses to be incurred in the implementation of the writ of execution. No matter how insistent the winning party is a sheriff should take no procedural shortcuts so as to avoid any misunderstanding and/or dispel any suspicion against his integrity.

Another infraction committed by respondent sheriff was having failed to render periodic reports every thirty (30) days from his receipt of the writ of execution in violation of Section 14, Rule 39 of the Rules of Court, which provides:

Sec. 14. Return of writ of execution. The writ of execution shall be returnable to the court issuing it immediately after the judgment has been satisfied in part or in full. If the judgment cannot be satisfied in full within thirty (30) days after his receipt of the writ, the officer shall report to the court and state the reason therefor. Such writ shall continue in effect during the period within which the judgment may be enforced by motion. The officer shall make a report to the court every thirty (30) days on the proceedings taken thereon until the judgment is satisfied in full, or its effectivity expires. The returns or the periodic report shall set forth the whole of the proceedings taken, and shall be filed with the court and copies thereof promptly furnished the parties.

(emphasis ours)

In addition, a sheriff must make periodic reports on partially satisfied or wholly unsatisfied writs in accordance, in order to apprise the court and the parties of the proceedings undertaken in connection with the writs. The periodic reporting on the status of the writs must be done by the sheriff every thirty (30) days regularly and consistently until they are returned fully satisfied. ²⁰

Here, it was only on February 22, 2007 that respondent made a Sheriff’s Return²¹ reporting partial satisfaction of the writ. Undeniably, he likewise failed to submit periodic reports regarding the status of the writ every thirty (30) days thereafter until said writ was fully satisfied.

This Court has held time and again that:²²

Sheriffs play an important role in the administration of justice and as agents of the law, high standards are expected of them. They are duty-bound to know and to comply with the very basic rules relative to the implementation of writs of execution.1avvphi1

It is undisputed that the most difficult phase of any proceeding is the execution of judgment. The officer charged with this delicate task is the sheriff. The sheriff, as an officer of the court upon whom the execution of a final judgment depends, must necessarily be circumspect and proper in his behavior. Execution is the fruit and end of the suit and is the life of the law. He is to execute the directives of the court therein strictly in accordance with the letter thereof and without any deviation therefrom. (citations omitted)

As correctly found by the OCA, respondent is guilty of simple neglect of duty which under Section 52, B(1), Rule IV of the Uniform Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil Service, is punishable with suspension for a period of one (1) month and one (1) day to six (6) months for the first offense.

In Danao v. Franco, Jr.,²³ the Court imposed a two-month suspension for simple neglect of duty on the respondent sheriff who simply demanded from complainant the sum of ₱5,000.00 without first furnishing the latter the estimate or detail of the expenses and without securing court approval. But in Letter of Atty. Socorro M. Villamer-Basilla,²⁴ where the respondent sheriff received the amount of ₱1,000.00 from the plaintiffs without furnishing them the estimate or detail of expenses and without securing the court’s approval, we imposed a one-month suspension from office.

In Pesongco v. Estoya,²⁵ where a complaint for inefficiency was made against the respondent sheriff, we imposed a one-month suspension for simple neglect of duty, said sheriff having delayed the full implementation of a writ of execution and failed to render periodic returns thereof to the court.

For soliciting and directly receiving money from complainant, failing to file a timely return and failing to execute the writ with dispatch, the respondent sheriff, in Bunagan v. Ferraren,²⁶ was found guilty of grave misconduct, dereliction of duty and conduct prejudicial to the best interest of the service and was meted the penalty of suspension for three (3) months, mitigated in consideration of respondent’s long years of service and his previous clean record.

In the recent case of Mariñas v. Florendo,²⁷ we imposed a fine equivalent to respondent's one-month salary instead of a one-month suspension from office, ratiocinating that the sheriff’s work would be left unattended by reason of his absence and such may be used as another excuse to justify his inaction and inefficiency in finally implementing the subject writs.

Here, the writ of execution has already been fully implemented as per Sheriff’s Return of Service²⁸ dated October 17, 2007. Furthermore, we note that this is respondent's first offense. After consideration of the relevant rules and the current state of jurisprudence, a suspension of one (1) month and one (1) day, or the minimum penalty, would be properly imposed on respondent.

WHEREFORE, respondent Apollo R. Ragot, Sheriff III of the MTCC, Gingoog City, is found GUILTY of simple neglect of duty and is SUSPENDED for One (1) Month and One (1) Day from office. He is STERNLY WARNED that a repetition of the same or similar acts in the future shall be dealt with more severely. Let a copy of the decision be attached to his personal record.

SO ORDERED.

TERESITA J. LEONARDO-DE CASTRO
Associate Justice

WE CONCUR:

REYNATO S. PUNO
Chief Justice
Chairperson

CONCHITA CARPIO MORALES Associate Justice

LUCAS P. BERSAMIN Associate Justice

MARTIN S. VILLARAMA, JR.
Associate Justice

Footnotes

¹ Rollo, pp. 8-9.

² Id. at 10-11.

³ Id. at 12.

⁴ Id.

⁵ Id. at 13.

⁶ Id. at 14.

⁷ Id. at 16.

⁸ Id. at 18.

⁹ Id. at 19-47.

¹⁰ Id. at 74.

¹¹ Id. at 4-5.

¹² Id. at 110.

¹³ Letter of Atty. Socorro M. Villamer-Basilla, RTC, Br. 4, Legazpi City on the alleged improper conduct of Manuel L. Arimado, Sheriff IV, A.M. No. P-06-2128 (formerly A.M. No. 04-6-313-RTC), February 16, 2006, 482 SCRA 455, 458.

¹⁴ Id. at 459.

¹⁵ Rollo, p. 119.

¹⁶ Supra note 5.

¹⁷ This circular took effect on August 20, 2004.

¹⁸ Supra note 13 at 460.

¹⁹ A.M. No. P-06-2173, January 28, 2008, 542 SCRA 355, 363.

²⁰ Mariñas v. Florendo, A.M. No. P-07-2304, February 12, 2009.

²¹ Supra note 7.

²² Supra note 20.

²³ A.M. No. P-02-1569, November 13, 2002, 391 SCRA 515.

²⁴ Supra note 13.

²⁵ A.M. No. P-06-2131, March 10, 2006, 484 SCRA 239.

²⁶ Supra note 19.

²⁷ Supra note 20.

²⁸ Supra note 15.

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