Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
THIRD DIVISION
G.R. No. 148226 July 14, 2008
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES and SPOUSES MARILYN and FRANCISCO GARCIA, Petitioners,
vs.
JOSEPH TERRADO, and HONORABLE SALVADOR P. VEDAÑA, Presiding Judge, Regional Trial Court, Branch 68, Lingayen, Pangasinan, Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
NACHURA, J.:
The Case
Before the Court is a Petition for Certiorari1 assailing the April 6, 2001 Decision2 of Honorable Judge Salvador P. Vedaña of the Regional Trial Court (RTC), Branch 68, of Lingayen, Pangasinan in Criminal Case No. L-5813, People v. Joseph Terrado, a.k.a. "Hapon," finding the accused "Hapon" not guilty of Carnapping (punished under Republic Act 6538, otherwise known as the "Anti-Carnapping Act of 1972").
Accused Joseph Terrado was charged with Carnapping in the Information filed by 4th Assistant Prosecutor Abraham L. Ramos II, dated March 9, 1998, to wit:
That on or about 8th day of August, 1997 in the afternoon, in barangay Malindong, Municipality of Binmaley, province of Pangasinan, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, armed with a fan knife (balisong), by means of force and intimidation, did then and there threaten with fan knife, Leoncio Dalmacio driver of motorized tricycle with Plate No. AE-8082 and thereafter with intent to gain, willfully, unlawfully and feloniously took and carted away said motorized tricycle without the consent and against the will of Leoncio Dalmacio and/or Marilyn Garcia.
Contrary to R.A. 6538 [sic], as amended.3
The case was originally raffled to Judge Nicodemo T. Ferrer of Branch 37, RTC. On May 14, 1998, the accused was arraigned and pleaded not guilty to the crime charged.
On July 22, 1998, the prosecution, through 3rd Asst. City Prosecutor Borromeo R. Bustamante, filed a Motion to Dismiss,4 and prayed for the provisional dismissal of the case. In an Affidavit of Desistance5 executed by private complainant, Marilyn Garcia, the latter stated that they were leaving for the US and would not be able to pursue the case. The trial court granted the Motion in its Order6 dated August 19, 1998.
On November 16, 1998, a Motion to Revive the Case7 was filed by the private complainant through Prosecutor I Marlon Meneses, which was granted by the court in an Order8 dated November 17, 1998. A Motion for Reconsideration and/or to Lift/Set Aside Order of Revival was filed by the accused. On January 14, 1999, the trial court denied the motion9 for reconsideration and set the case for hearing on January 26, 1999. However, the accused sought the inhibition of Judge Nicodemo T. Ferrer from trying the case, which the latter granted. The case was re-raffled and was assigned to the sala of Judge Salvador Vedaña, Branch 68, RTC.
On March 5, 1999, the accused reiterated his Motion for Reconsideration and/or to Lift/Set Aside Order of Revival. Acting on the above motion, the court denied the same for lack of merit in its Resolution10 dated March 9, 1999, and set the case for hearing on April 5, 1999.
The accused then filed a petition for certiorari with the CA assailing the orders of the trial court. Then, on April 5, 1999, he filed with the trial court a Motion to Archive the case. On April 12, 1999, the complainant through the private prosecutor, under the direct control and supervision of the public prosecutor, filed her Comment/Opposition to the motion. In a Resolution11 dated June 30, 1999, the trial court denied the Motion to Archive filed by the defense in order not to unduly delay the proceedings, considering that the petition for certiorari filed by the defense was not yet given due course by the Court of Appeals (CA).
On July 31, 2000, the trial court issued a warrant of arrest against the accused which was returned unserved because "accused person could not be located at his given address."12
On March 27, 2001, the trial court received from the CA the entry of judgment of the resolution dismissing the petition for certiorari filed by the accused.13
Trial of the case thereafter ensued.
For the prosecution, the following witnesses were presented: Leoncio Dalmacio, PO1 Mardy delos Santos, PO1 Ferdinand Ferrer, Marilyn Garcia and Marcelino Flores.
The version of the prosecution states that in the afternoon of August 8, 1997, while Leoncio Dalmacio (Dalmacio) was driving a tricycle owned by Spouses Marilyn and Francisco Garcia, the accused hailed him, boarded the tricycle, and then asked to be brought to Barangay Libsong, Lingayen, Pangasinan. When they reached the place, the accused alighted from the sidecar and suddenly picked up a stone and struck the tricycle.14 Dalmacio dismounted from the tricycle and tried to pacify the accused but he noticed that Terrado was armed with a fan knife (balisong). The accused then took the tricycle, drove away and left Dalmacio behind. Dalmacio reported the incident to the Binmaley Police Station and, subsequently, to the Lingayen Police Station. He then executed a Sworn Statement15 before the municipal judge of the Binmaley Municipal Trial Court (MTC).
For the defense, the accused claimed that he was on his way to his parents-in-law at Libsong when he met Dalmacio and asked him if he could borrow the tricycle. Dalmacio answered in the affirmative and even told him: "Please put some gasoline in it and I will go to my in-law."16 One of the witnesses, Joseph Estrada, testified that on the day of the alleged incident, he saw the accused speaking with Dalmacio. Afterwards, he saw Dalmacio alight from the tricycle, then the accused took over the driver’s seat and left in the direction of Lingayen. Dalmacio then boarded a jeepney bound for Dagupan. Estrada testified that during the conversation of the accused and Dalmacio, he heard no shouts or altercation between the two.17 The defense claimed that the accused merely borrowed the tricycle from Dalmacio. However, when accused was about to return the same, he hit a stone, lost control of the tricycle and bumped a tree.18 Three persons came and helped him bring the tricycle back to the roadside.19 The accused returned the tricycle at around 11:00 pm of the same day to the Spouses Garcia. The defense did not deny that the tricycle, when returned, was damaged and, in fact, the accused voluntarily paid the amount of ₱8,000.00 as partial remuneration for the repair which was estimated to cost ₱25,000.00.20
In its Decision dated April 6, 2001, the trial court acquitted accused Joseph Terrado for failure of the prosecution to establish intent to take the tricycle and intent to gain from the same. Thus, the court held that the prosecution failed to prove the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt. The dispositive portion of the trial court’s decision reads:
WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing, the Court hereby renders judgment ACQUITTING the accused Joseph Terrado for violation of R.A. 6538 otherwise known as the "Anti-Carnapping Act of 1972."
However, as regard the civil liability of accused Joseph Terrado, the [court] hereby orders him to pay the complainant Marilyn Garcia the following: 1) Actual damages amounting to ₱25,000.00 – ₱8,000.00 = ₱17,000.00 and 2) Moral damages amounting to ₱20,000.00.
SO ORDERED.
The prosecution filed a Motion for Reconsideration21 which the trial court denied in a Resolution22 dated May 21, 2001.
Aggrieved, the complainants come to this Court via a Petition for Certiorari seeking to annul and set aside the Decision dated April 6, 2001.
The issues which the petitioners raise before the Court may be summarized as follows:
1. WHETHER THE ACCUSED IS GUILTY OF VIOLATION OF RA 6538 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS "ANTI-CARNAPPING ACT OF 1972;
2. WHETHER THE PUBLIC RESPONDENT IN RENDERING THE QUESTIONED DECISION ACTED WITH GRAVE ABUSE OF DISCRETION AMOUNTING TO LACK OF JURISDICTION.
The petitioners allege that there was misapprehension of facts, and that the trial court reached its conclusion based entirely on speculation, surmises and conjectures, and acted with grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack of jurisdiction as the judgment of acquittal was rendered on dubious factual and legal basis.
The trial court’s decision is being questioned before us through a Petition for Certiorari under Rule 65 of the 1997 Rules of Court. It may be noted that the petition was filed by the private prosecutor and without the participation of the Office of the Solicitor General.
The special civil action for certiorari is intended for the correction of errors of jurisdiction or grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction. Its principal office is to keep the inferior court within the parameters of its jurisdiction or to prevent it from committing such a grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction.23
By grave abuse of discretion is meant such capricious and whimsical exercise of judgment as is equivalent to lack of jurisdiction. The abuse of discretion must be grave as where the power is exercised in an arbitrary or despotic manner by reason of passion or personal hostility and must be so patent and gross as to amount to an evasion of positive duty or to a virtual refusal to perform the duty enjoined by or to act at all in contemplation of law.24
While petitioner alleges grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction, the imputation is premised on the averment that the trial court reached its conclusions based on speculation, surmises and conjectures. As alleged by the petitioners, the accused forcibly took the vehicle from the complainant’s driver and the public respondent acquitted the accused for alleged failure to meet the element of intent to gain.25 Specifically, the allegations delve on the misapprehension of facts by the trial court. Petitioners were persistent that the records of the trial be reviewed, as they were not convinced by the validity of the trial court’s factual conclusion.1avvphi1
It should be remembered that, as a rule, factual matters cannot be normally inquired into by the Supreme Court in a certiorari proceeding. As earlier stressed, the present recourse is a petition for certiorari under Rule 65. It is a fundamental aphorism in law that a review of facts and evidence is not the province of the extraordinary remedy of certiorari, which is extra ordinem – beyond the ambit of appeal.26
At least, the mistakes ascribed to the trial court are not errors of jurisdiction correctible by the special civil action for certiorari, but errors of judgment, which is correctible by a petition for review on certiorari under Rule 45 of the Revised Rules of Court. The mere fact that a court erroneously decides a case does not necessarily deprive it of jurisdiction. Thus, assuming arguendo that the trial court committed a mistake in its judgment, the error does not vitiate the decision, considering that it has jurisdiction over the case.27 For this reason, the dismissal of the instant petition is called for.
In our jurisdiction, availment of the remedy of certiorari to correct an erroneous acquittal may be allowed in cases where petitioner has clearly shown that the public respondent acted without jurisdiction or with grave abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of jurisdiction. However, and more serious than the procedural infraction, if the petition merely calls for an ordinary review of the findings of the court a quo, we would run afoul of the constitutional right against double jeopardy. Such recourse is tantamount to converting the petition for certiorari into an appeal, which is proscribed by the Constitution, the Rules of Court and prevailing jurisprudence on double jeopardy.28 Verdicts of acquittal are to be regarded as absolutely final and irreviewable. The fundamental philosophy behind the principle is to afford the defendant, who has been acquitted, final repose and to safeguard him from government oppression through the abuse of criminal processes. 29
This Court cannot rule any other way. Accused Joseph Terrado, after being acquitted of the crime charged, must be afforded the protection against repeated attempts for conviction, in faithful adherence to the constitutional rule against double jeopardy.
WHEREFORE, in view of the foregoing, the instant petition is DISMISSED.
SO ORDERED.
ANTONIO EDUARDO B. NACHURA
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
LEONARDO A. QUISUMBING*
Associate Justice
CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGO
Associate Justice |
MA. ALICIA AUSTRIA-MARTINEZ
Associate Justice |
RUBEN T. REYES
Associate Justice
A T T E S T A T I O N
I attest that the conclusions in the above Decision were reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.
CONSUELO YNARES-SANTIAGO
Associate Justice
Chairperson, Third Division
C E R T I F I C A T I O N
Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution and the Division Chairperson's Attestation, I certify that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court’s Division.
REYNATO S. PUNO
Chief Justice
Footnotes
* In lieu of Associate Justice Minita V. Chico-Nazario per Special Order No. 508, dated June 25, 2008.
1 Rollo, pp. 3-31.
2 Annex "A" of the Petition, id. at 32-51.
3 Records, p. 1.
4 Annex "C" of the Petition, id. at 53-54.
5 Annex "B" of the Petition, id. at 52.
6 Annex "D" of the Petition, id. at 55.
7 Annex "E" of the Petition, id. at 56-57.
8 Annex "F" of the Petition, id. at 58.
9 Order dated January 14, 1999, Annex "G," rollo, p. 59.
10 Annex "I," rollo, pp. 62-65.
11 Annex "J," rollo, pp. 68-69.
12 Records, pp. 375-377.
13 Records, pp. 383-385.
14 Id.
15 Affidavit of Leoncio Dalmacio dated August 10, 1997, records, p. 14.
16 Petition for Review, pp. 15, rollo, p. 17.
17 RTC Decision, rollo, p. 47.
18 Petition for Review, p.15, rollo, p. 17.
19 Id.
20 Testimony of Marilyn Garcia, RTC Decision, rollo, p. 44.
21 Rollo, pp. 99-105.
22 Id. at 108-112.
23 People v. Court of Appeals, 468 Phil. 1, 10 (2004).
24 United Coconut Planters Bank v. Looyuko, G.R. No. 156337, September 28, 2007, 534 SCRA 322, 331.
25 Petition, rollo, pp. 19-20.
26 People v. Court of Appeals, 368 Phil. 169, 182 (1999).
27 Supra note 23.
28 People v. Court of Appeals, supra note 26.
29 People v. Court of Appeals, supra note 23, at 13.
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