G.R. No. 126650 July 28, 1999
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee,
vs.
EMARJONEL FRANCISCO TOMOLIN, accused-appellant.
ROMERO, J.:
This is an appeal from the August 30, 1996 Decision 1 of the Regional Trial Court of Paranaque, Branch 258, 2 in Criminal Case Nos. 94-0798 and 94-0799 convicting accused-appellant Emarjonel Francisco Tomolin of the crime of murder (two counts) and sentencing him to suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua and to indemnify the heirs of Rolando Virtudes in the amount of P50,000.00 as moral damages and P51,660.85 as actual damages, and to the heirs of Alfredo Ayeras, P50,000.00 as moral damages and P32,162.95 as actual damages.1âwphi1.nęt
The Informations filed before the trial court which charged accused-appellant Emarjonel with the crime of murder (two counts) read as follows:
Criminal Case No. 94-0798
That on or about the 5th day of October 1994, in the Municipality of Paranaque, Metro Manila, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, with intent to kill, without justifiable cause, and with treachery and evident premeditation, did then and there wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously attack, assault and shoot with a gun one Rolando Virtudes, thereby inflicting upon the latter serious and mortal wounds which caused his death.
Contrary to law. 3
Criminal Case No. 94-0799
That on or about the 5th day of October 1994, in the Municipality of Paranaque, Metro Manila, Philippines and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the above-named accused, with intent to kill, without justifiable cause, with treachery and evident premeditation, did then and there wilfully, unlawfully and feloniously attack, assault and shoot with a gun one Alfredo Ayeras, thereby inflicting upon the latter serious and mortal gunshot wounds which caused his death.
Contrary to law. 4
The charge for two counts of murder against accused-appellant Emarjonel Tomolin was filed before the Regional Trial Court of Paranaque, Branch 258.
During trial, prosecution witness Narciso Bistel, a security guard from Manforce Agency, testified that on October 4-5, 1994, he was assigned at the Alegro Pacific Corporation compound in Paranaque, together with fellow security guards, the victims Rolando Virtudes and Alfredo Ayeras and accused-appellant Emarjonel Tomolin. His guard duty assignment was from six o'clock in the evening of October 4 until six o'clock in the morning of October 5, the same guard duty assignment as that of accused-appellant and the victims. At around 12:45 in the morning of October 5, 1994, Rolando and Alfredo were posted near the front gate of the Alegro Pacific Corporation compound, seated beside each other, while Narciso was about twenty meters away. At that exact moment, accused-appellant emerged from the back area of the compound, where he was assigned, and approached Rolando, who was then seated and writing in the logbook. Accused-appellant then suddenly drew out his service firearm and shot Rolando once in the head, and thereafter immediately fired two shots at Alfredo. After the shooting, accused-appellant fled from the compound, leaving the body of the victims sprawled on the ground. 5
Dr. Valentin T. Bernales, a National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) medico legal officer III, conducted the post mortem examination on victims Rolando and Alfredo. He issued Autopsy Reports stating the following findings:
Rolando Virtudes:
. . . . gunshot wound, entrance 1.1 x 0.8 cm., oveloid to shape, edges contused and inverted; head, parietemporal area; . . . temporal lobe of the brain; saphenoid bone where the slug was recovered. Hemorrhage, subdural, subarachnoidal, massive generalized. 6
Based on his examination, Dr. Bernales testified that the entrance of the gunshot wound of Rolando was on the right side, upper portion of the ear, and that the gun that shot Rolando was probably directed medially, slightly forward and downward. 7
Alfredo Ayeras :
. . . . Contusion, reddish, forehead, left side, 3.0 x 2.0 cm; Lacerated wound, head, parietal ares, right frontal portion, 3.0 cm.; gunshot wounds, entrance of which are ovaloid, edges contused and inverted. 8
Dr. Bernales further testified that Alfredo suffered two gunshot wounds with the wound at the back, extending to the frontal portion of the chest, penetrating the vital organs of the body, causing the victim's spontaneous death. 9
The prosecution also presented PO2 Elorde Malicse, a police officer assigned to the mobile support group of the Paranaque Police Station, who responded to the call for assistance regarding the subject shooting incident at the Alegro Pacific Corporation compound. PO2 Malicse testified that when he and other policemen arrived at the scene of the shooting, they learned from Narciso Bistel that accused-appellant shot Roland Virtudes and Alfredo Ayeras, and then fled towards Multinational Village. With this information, the policemen searched the nearby areas and saw a person riding in a pedicab. The passenger turned out to be the accused-appellant, and a .38 caliber revolver was recovered from him. 10 The gun was subsequently turned over to the NBI for ballistics examination.
Rogelio Munar, the chief ballistics officer of the NBI, testified on the ballistic examination results on the firearm recovered from the accused-appellant a Squire Bingham .38 caliber revolver with serial number 1092205. 11 He concluded that the bullets taken from the body of Rolando and Alfredo came from accused-appellant's .38 caliber revolver. 12
The prosecution also presented Rosemarie Valencia, the niece of Rolando, who testified on the actual expenses incurred by the victims' family for the funeral and burial expenses, which amounted to P51,660.85. 13 On Alfredo's behalf, the prosecution presented his son, Joselito Ayeras, who testified that the funeral and burial expenses for Alfredo totalled P32,162.95. 14
Accused-appellant, during his testimony, admitted shooting Rolando and Alfredo, but claimed self-defense. He testified that on October 4-5, 1994, he had guard duty assignment from six o'clock in the evening until six o'clock in the morning at the Alegro Pacific Corporation compound in Multinational Village, Paranaque. He was with Narciso Bistol and the victims, Rolando Virtudes and Alfredo Ayeras. At around 12:45 in the morning, accused-appellant approached the front gate of the building to turn over the watchman's clock to Alfredo, who was then the officer-in-charge on the detail. Rolando was then seated beside Alfredo. He alleged that Alfredo and Rolando directed insulting words at him, and Rolando even poked his gun against his chest. Rolando also slapped accused-appellant and tried to grab his service firearm. They both grappled for the gun, and in the ensuing struggle, he shot Rolando. After shooting Rolando, accused-appellant testified that Alfredo tried to grab his hand, and after a brief struggle, he was able to draw his gun, and shot Alfredo on the chest. He then went out of the building to proceed to the nearest police station in order to surrender to the authorities. However, he was met by police officers who arrested him. 15
The trial court rejected accused-appellant's claim of self-defense and on August 30, 1996, rendered a decision finding accused-appellant guilty of murder for the deaths of Rolando Virtudes and Alfredo Ayeras. The dispositive portion of the trial court's decision reads as follows:
WHEREFORE, viewed in the light of the foregoing, the prosecution having been able to prove beyond any iota of doubt the guilt of the accused EMARJONEL FRANCISCO TOMOLIN of the crime of murder under Article 248 of the Revised Penal Code, as amended by Republic Act 7639, he is hereby sentenced viz:
CRIMINAL CASE NO. 94-0798 — to suffer the penalty of RECLUSION PERPETUA for the death of ROLANDO VIRTUDES, to pay his heirs the sum of P51,660.85 as actual damages and the sum of P50,000.00 as moral damages; and
CRIMINAL CASE NO. 94-0799 — to suffer the penalty of RECLUSION PERPETUA for the death of ALFREDO AYERAS, to indemnify his heirs the amount of P32,162.95 as actual damages and the amount of P50,000,00 as moral damages.
SO ORDERED. 16
In this appeal, accused-appellant seeks the reversal of his conviction, arguing that his conviction by the trial court was based on speculations and conjectures and not on the evidence presented. He further contends that no treachery was employed in the shooting of Rolando and Alfredo because he did not approach the victims from behind, as in fact, he was standing in front of them before the incident occurred.
Accused-appellant also maintains that the insulting remarks uttered by Alfredo and Roland, and the poking of Rolando's gun against his chest constituted unlawful aggression, such that he was justified in shooting and killing the victims in self-defense.
The Office of the Solicitor General, on the other hand, contends that accused-appellant failed to present sufficient evidence to prove his claim of self-defense, and that his guilt was proven by the prosecution beyond reasonable doubt. Moreover, the shooting was attended with the qualifying circumstance of treachery, which was duly established by the prosecution.
We find the appeal devoid of merit.
While accused-appellant invokes the justifying circumstance of self-defense, it is a well-settled doctrine that when an accused invokes self-defense, the onus is on him to establish by clear and convincing evidence his justification for the killing. He must rely on the strength of his own evidence and not on the weakness of the evidence for the prosecution. For self-defense to prevail, three (3) requisites must concur, to wit: 1) unlawful aggression; 2) reasonable necessity of the means employed to prevent or repel it; and 3) lack of sufficient provocation on the part of the person defending himself. 17
The first essential element of unlawful aggression presupposes an actual, sudden and unexpected attack or imminent danger on the life and limb of a person defending himself. 18 In the case at bar, the explanation of accused-appellant that victims Rolando and Alfredo uttered insulting remarks at him, and that Rolando thrust a gun against his chest, is belied by the clear and convincing testimony of Narciso Bistel, who testified that he did not hear any argument between accused-appellant and the victims prior to the shooting. In fact, accused-appellant surreptitiously approached the victims from the back, and, without warning or provocation, suddenly shot Rolando on the head, and then Alfredo at the back. We find the testimony of Narciso to be more consistent and credible, especially in view of the congruent medico-legal findings on the location of the gunshot wounds suffered by the victims. The autopsy report indicated that the entrance of Rolando's gunshot wound was on the upper right portion of his right ear, which validates Narciso's testimony that accused-appellant shot Rolando while the latter was sitting down. On the other hand, the entry points of Alfredo's wounds were at the back. These findings belie the claim of accused-appellant that there was a struggle between him and the victims prior to the incident. The location and entry points of the wounds of the victims indicating that they were gunned down while their backs were turned to the accused proves that they were defenseless and incapable of resisting accused-appellant's aggression.
Since self-defense must be proven by clear and convincing evidence, 19 we find that accused-appellant failed to present such quantum of evidence to justify the shooting of the victims.
We have held, time and again, that this Court cannot rely on the bare allegations of an accused-appellant, absent any clear and convincing evidence. In the instant case, the testimony of accused-appellant is hardly clear, convincing or credible. In fact, his explanation of the incident is shot through within consistencies and contradictions, and is conclusively refuted by the autopsy reports on the victims. Evidence, to be believed, must not only proceed from the mouth of a credible witness; it must be credible in itself. 20
The Court accords great respect to the factual findings of the trial court which is in a better position than an appellate court to properly evaluate testimonial evidence, such as observing directly the witnesses' deportment and manner of testifying, absent any palpable error or arbitrariness in their
findings. 21
We also find that the allegations of treachery charged in the Informations were duly proven by the prosecution.
Treachery is present when the offender commits any of the crimes against person, employing means, methods or forms in the execution thereof which tend directly and specially to insure its execution, without risk to himself arising from the defense which the offended party might make. 22 The same is evident when the attack is sudden and unexpected, thus rendering the victim unable to defend himself.
In this case, the qualifying circumstance of treachery was clearly established by prosecution witness Narciso Bistol, who testified that he saw accused-appellant approach Rolando and Alfredo from behind and, suddenly and without warning, shot Rolando on the head and Alfredo at the back. The attack, being sudden, unexpected and coming from behind, Rolando and Alfredo were not able to defend themselves. This indicates that accused-appellant deliberately adopted this treacherous mode of attack in order to protect himself from whatever defense the victims may make.
WHEREFORE, the decision of the Regional Trial Court of Parañaque, Metro Manila, Branch 258, in Criminal Case Nos. 94-0798 and 94-0799 finding accused-appellant guilty of two counts of murder and sentencing him to suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua for each crime is AFFIRMED in toto with the MODIFICATION that he shall pay the families of his victims civil indemnity ex delicto of P50,000.00 each and the actual damages as proven during the trial but the moral damages are stricken out since there is no legal basis for imposing the same.
Costs against the accused-appellant.1âwphi1.nęt
SO ORDERED.
Vitug, Panganiban, Purisima and Gonzaga-Reyes, JJ., concur.
Footnotes
1 Rollo, pp. 22-31.
2 Judge Raul E. De Leon, presiding.
3 Records, Volume 1, p. 2.
4 Ibid., p. 4.
5 TSN, December 13, 1994, pp. 5-10.
6 Records, Volume 1, p. 220.
7 TSN, January 10, 1995, pp. 11-12.
8 Records, Volume 1, p. 219.
9 TSN, January 10, 1995, pp. 25-26.
10 TSN, December 13, 1994, pp. 6-12.
11 TSN, May 23, 1995, pp. 3-4.
12 Records, Volume 4, pp. 1222-1223.
13 TSN, July 13, 1995, p. 11.
14 TSN, October 17, 1995, p.3.
15 TSN, May 14, 1996, pp. 6-11.
16 Rollo, pp. 22-31.
17 People vs. De Gracia, 264 SCRA 200, (1996).
18 Ibid.
19 People vs. Isleta, 264 SCRA 374, (1996).
20 Ibid.
21 Peole vs. Eleuterio Gargar, G.R. No. 110029-30, December 29, 1998.
22 Art. 14 of the Revised Penal Code.
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