G.R. No. 127177 February 25, 1999
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee,
vs.
ROMEO AMBRAY y LUTERIO, accused-appellant.
GONZAGA-REYES, J.:
Romeo Ambray y Luterio was charged with statutory rape allegedly committed as follows:
On or about March 13, 1996, in the City of Pasig and within the jurisdiction of this Honorable Court, the accused, with lewd design and by means of force and intimidation did then and there willfully, unlawfully and feloniously have sexual intercourse with Melanie. Hernandez, a minor, eleven (11) years old, against her will and consent.
Contrary to law
Melanie Hernandez was born on October 8, 1984, 1 and was a grade three student at the Nueve de Febrero Elementary School in Mandaluyong City at the time of the alleged rape. She is the daughter of Vinia Hernandez, the common law spouse of the accused Ambray, and was living with the accused, her mother her elder half-brother Robin, and three other children of her mother by the accused. Together they occupied a rented single room with one bed; all the children had to sleep on the floor. Her mother Vinia, a fish vendor, used to leave the house before dawn everyday and go to the Pasig Market.
Melanie testified that on March 13, 1996 at around 2:00 o'clock a.m., she was awakened when she was carried by the accused, Ambray to the bed; thereafter the accused removed her short pants and T-shirt. She tried to shout but the accused quickly covered her mouth with a handkerchief. The accused subsequently inserted his penis into her vagina and sexually abused her for about three minutes. She fell asleep, still feeling the pain, and woke up at about 7:00 o'clock a.m. She left the house to pick up the laundry from her grandmother's place as instructed by the accused. She was about to reveal her ordeal to her mother and went straight to the market place. Unable to locate her mother, she went instead to her aunt, Vilma Perez. She broke down and confided her tragic experience in the hands of her mother's common-law spouse, the accused Ambray. Vilma Perez accompanied Melanie to the Block 4, Police Substation in Rosario, Pasig City, where she gave her statement 2 to the police authorities. 3
SPO2 Francisco Cruz received the complaint. He immediately accompanied Melanie and her aunt to the place of residence of the suspect Ambray at Floodway, Maybunga, Pasig City, there Melanie pointed Ambray as the person who allegedly raped her. 4
Melanie also stated that the accused had been raping her since she was barely six years old, and that the accused sexually abused her sometimes twice a week. She felt severe pain every time but she did not have the courage to divulge the same because she was afraid that the accused would carry out his threats to kill them all.
Dr. Jesusa N. Vergara, who conducted the medico-legal examination on the person of the victim upon the request 5 of the Pasig Police Station, testified on the result of the medical examination 6 namely, that there was a deep healed laceration at 8 o'clock and a shallow healed laceration at 5 o'clock in Melanie's vagina. The first indicated that she was already a non-virgin before the alleged rape and the second was inflicted more than seven days prior to examination. She stated that the smears taken from the vagina did not manifest the existence of any diplococci or spermatozoa, but maintained that it is also possible that no male sperm cell could be traced inside the vagina notwithstanding actual penetration of the vagina by a penis, as for instance where there is a failure to ejaculate inside the vagina, and where the genitalia is washed right after the sexual act. Vergara further testified that aside from the healed lacerations, she found congestion or redness on the other lips of Melanie's vagina, indicating recent injuries on Melanie's genitalia which may have been caused by a hard object inserted in Melanie's sexual organ. 7
Romeo Ambray denied having raped Melanie. He claimed that on March 13, 1996 he was then sleeping beside his three children, Ronel, Rowena, and Raymart, on their bed. Melanie and her half-brother Robin, were sleeping on the floor about two meters away from the bed. The accused claims that he could not have raped Melanie because even just a slight movement would awaken his child sleeping beside him. He further testified that Vilma Perez, the victim's aunt goaded Melanie to go to the police and press false charges against him to convince Melanie's mother, Vinia, to end her common-law relations with the appellant because he is a gambler and could not support his family. He claimed that prior to the alleged incident, Melanie was complaining to her mother and her brother that her half-brother Robin was raping her. 8
Raymond Gutierrez, a friend of Melanie's brother Robin, testified that on November 19, 1995, he met Melanie at an alley infront of her house and Melanie informed him in the presence of his "barkadas" that she was being raped by her brother Robin whenever their mother was not in their house. They were shocked but never believed Melanie because she was laughing at that
time. 9
A sister of the accused, Lea Ambray, also testified that on November 19, 1996, Melanie told her that she was also being molested by her brother Robin, like her sister Rowena. 10
Vinia Hernandez also testified for the defense. She is the mother of Melanie and the common-law spouse of the accused. She claims that she left the house at about midnight of March 13, 1996 to proceed to her market stall to sell vegetables. At around 8:00 o'clock, in the morning, her daughter Melanie went to see her at her stall and told her that the accused asked her to pick up the laundry. She waited for Melanie for more than an hour; she then requested her sister Perla to attend to her goods as she would collect receivables from her debtors. When she returned, she was informed by her mother about the alleged rape perpetrated by the accused against her daughter Melanie and that her sister Vilma had referred the matter to the authorities. She went home and saw the appellant boarding a police vehicle with her sister and brothers-in-law.
Vinia testified that she doubted the story of Melanie, and claimed that it was her eldest son Robin who molested Melanie on November 19, 1995. She even asked Robin not to do it again because Melanie is his half sister. 11
The trial court found Ambray guilty beyond reasonable doubt and rendered judgment as follows:
WHEREFORE, judgment is hereby rendered finding accused ROMEO AMBRAY Y LUTERIO GUILTY beyond reasonable doubt of the crime of rape, and sentencing said accused to: a) suffer the death penalty; b) pay the private offended party the sum of Fifty Thousand Pesos (P50,000.00) by way of civil indemnity, and (ii) One Hundred Thousand Pesos (P100,000.00) by way of exemplary damages, and c) pay the costs.
SO ORDERED.
This case is before us for automatic review.
The accused submits the following assigned errors in his appellant's brief:
I
THE TRIAL COURT GRAVELY ERRED IN GIVING FULL WEIGHT AND CREDENCE TO THE INCREDIBLE TESTIMONY OF THE PRIVATE COMPLAINANT AND IN NOT CONSIDERING THE DEFENSE INTERPOSED BY THE ACCUSED-APPELLANT.
II
THE TRIAL COURT GRAVELY ERRED IN CONVICTING ACCUSED-APPELLANT OF STATUTORY RAPE DESPITE FAILURE OF THE PROSECUTION TO PROVE HIS GUILT BEYOND REASONABLE DOUBT.
which were discussed jointly.
Accused-appellant argues that the testimony of the private complainant is "patently incredible," thus:
. . . The trial court ignored the fact that it is quite impossible for the accused-appellant to commit the alleged rape by reason of the attendant circumstances as testified to by the private complainant. Firstly, the rape was allegedly committed in a one room house while the sister and three (3) brothers of the private complainant were sleeping near the bed where she was allegedly raped. Secondly, when private complainant was allegedly being raped, she shouted. Thirdly, the one room house was lighted when private complainant was being raped allegedly by accused-appellant. Lastly, accused-appellant was not armed when he allegedly raped private complainant. Under the foregoing circumstances how could accused-appellant rape private complainant without being seen by the sister and brothers of the latter considering that she shouted and the room was lighted. If it is true that private complainant shouted when she was being raped, then his sister and brother should have been awaken and should have witnessed the alleged sexual assault. Clearly, the aforecited testimony of the private complainant runs counter to the ordinary course of human experience. Evidence should first be believable and logical before it can be accorded weight. (People vs. Amar, 232 SCRA 682). 12
The accused claims that his testimony that the slightest movement inside their one room house could easily awaken the children and under the situation he could not even make love with his wife had the earmarks of truth and candor.
We affirm the judgment of conviction. After a careful examination of the evidence, the court is satisfied that the guilt of the accused has been proven beyond reasonable doubt.
The trial court held that Melanie's testimony which was "straightforward and categorical" was a truthful account of what transpired during the incident in question. Melanie testified:
Q When you were carried by the accused Romeo Ambray, what did he do to you?
A He first brought me to a bed and took off my clothes, sir.
x x x x x x x x x
Q When he removed your clothes, what did you do, if any?
A I shouted but he covered my mouth, sir.
Q What did he use in covering your mouth?
A He used a handkerchief, sir.
Q After he removed your clothes, what did he do next?
A He inserted his penis inside my vagina, sir.
x x x x x x x x x
Q What did the accused do after he successfully or after he succeeded having a sexual intercourse with you?
A He put back my clothes, sir.
COURT:
Q How long did he do that to you?
A For about three (3) minutes, sir.
Q Did you feel his penis inside your vagina?
A Yes, sir.
Q After the accused put on your clothes, what did he do to you?
A He put me back to the place again where I was sleeping, sir." (Tsn., July 10, 1996, at pp, 6-7).
We find no compelling reason to disturb the findings of the court a quo, which observed the manner by which Melanie testified and her demeanor, and took into account "her apparent immaturity, youthfulness and lack of malice''. The long standing rule is that when an alleged victim of rape says she was violated, she says in effect all that is necessary to show that rape has been inflicted on her, and so long as her testimony meets the test of credibility, the accused may be convicted on the basis thereof. 13 Indeed, it defies comprehension why an eleven year old girl would concoct a story of defloration, allow any examination on her private parts and publicly disclose that she had been sexually abused by her mother's common-law spouse if her motive were other than to protect her honor and bring to justice that person who defiled her. 14
The denial of the accused is unsubstantiated and self serving, and cannot be given greater evidentiary weight than the "positive declaration and frank manner" in which Melanie recounted her ordeal. 15 The attempt of the defense witnesses to portray that Melanie's half-brother Robin sexually molested her in November 1995 before the incident in question does not contradict the prosecution version that she was raped by the accused on March 13, 1996.
The circumstance that the rape was committed in a one-room house where other members of the family were sleeping or that the room was lighted did not negate the possibility that rape was committed. We have pointed out that rape "is no respecter of time and place". 16 And it is not impossible for the members of the family to be in deep slumber when the assault was being committed. l7 Moreover, the victim tried but was unable to shout as the accused covered her mouth with a handkerchief. 18
However, the penalty imposed by the trial court should be reduced.
This is a case of statutory rape, considering that the victim was under twelve years of age.
Sec. 11 of Republic Act No. 7659 19 which amended Art. 335 of the Revised Penal Code reads:
Sec. 11. Article 335 of the same Code (Revised Penal Code, as amended) is hereby amended to read as follows:
Art. 335. When and how rape is committed. — Rape is committed by having carnal knowledge of a woman under any of the following circumstances:
1. By using force or intimidation;
2. When the woman is deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious; and
3. When the woman is under twelve years of age or is demented.
The crime of rape shall be punished by reclusion peretua.
Whenever the crime of rape is committed with the use of a deadly weapon or by two or more persons, the penalty shall be reclusion perpetua to death.
When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has become insane, the penalty shall be death.
When the rape is attempted or frustrated and a homicide is committed by reason or on the occasion thereof, the penalty shall be reclusion perpetua to death.
When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, a homicide is committed, the penalty shall be death.
The death penalty shall also be imposed if the crime of rape is committed with any of the following attendant circumstances:
1. When the victim is under eighteen(18) years of age and the offender is a parent, ascendant, step-parent, guardian, relative by consanguinity or affinity within the third civil degree, or the common-law spouse of the parent of the victim.
2. When the victim is under the custody of the police or military authorities.
3. When the rape is committed in fullview of the husband, parent, any of the children or other relatives within the third degree of consanguinity.
4. When the victim is a religious or a child below seven (7) years old.
5. When the offender know that he is afflicted with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) disease.
6. When committed by any member of the Armed Forces of the Philippines or the Philippine National Police or any law enforcement agency.
7. When by reason or on the occasion of the rape, the victim has suffered permanent physical mutilation. (underscoring supplied).
The penalty imposable is reclusion perpetua. Although it was shown that the accused is the common-law spouse of the victim's mother, the first special qualifying circumstance described in paragraph 1, above quoted, was not alleged in the indictment on which he was arraigned. The failure to allege the fact of relationship between the accused and the victim in the information for rape is fatal and consequently bars conviction of its qualified form which is punishable with death. Qualifying circumstances must be properly pleaded in the indictment in order not to violate the constitutional right of the accused to be properly informed of the nature and cause of the accusation against him. 20
As regards the civil indemnity, this Court has ruled that if the crime of rape is committed or effectively qualified by any of the circumstances under which the death penalty is authorized by law, the indemnity for the victim shall be increased to the amount of P75.000.00. However, since the death penalty is not imposable due to the deficiency in the allegations of the information against accused, 21 the victim is entitled only to P50,000.00 as indemnity. The victim is likewise entitled to an award of P50,000.00 for moral damages as the victim's injury is inherently concomitant with and necessarily resulting from the odious crime of rape to warrant per se an award for moral damages without the requirement of proof of mental and physical suffering. 22 The award of P100,000.00 by way of exemplary damages is deleted there being no basis in the record for such an award.
WHEREFORE, the appealed judgment of the Court a quo is AFFIRMED, with the MODIFICATION that the accused-appellant Romeo Ambray v. Luterio is hereby sentenced to suffer the penalty of reclusion perpetua and to pay the additional amount of P50,000.00, as moral damages to complainant Melanie Hernandez. The amount of P50,000.00 granted by the trial is maintained but should be considered and designated as indemnity. The award of exemplary damages is deleted for lack of basis. Cost against the appellant.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., C.J., Romero, Bellosillo, Melo, Puno, Vitug, Kapunan, Mendoza, Panganiban, Quisumbing, Purisima, Pardo and Buena, JJ., concur.
Footnotes
1 Exh. "C".
2 Exhibit "B".
3 Tsn., pp. 2-23, July 10, 1996.
4 Tsn., pp 2-4, July 17, 1996.
5 Exhibit, "D".
6 Exhibit, "E".
7 Tsn., pp. 5-13, August 14, 1996.
8 Tsn., pp. 2-8, September 3, 1996.
9 Tsn., pp. 16-20, September 3, 1996.
10 Tsn., pp. 2-6, September 4, 1996.
11 Tsn., pp. 4-7, September 24, 1996.
12 At p. 8, Appellant's Brief, p.45, Rollo.
13 People vs. Ramirez, 266 SCRA 335; People vs. Abad, 268 SCRA 246; People vs. Butron, 272 SCRA 352; People vs. Rabosa, 273 SCRA 142.
14 People vs. Buyok, 235 SCRA 622; People vs. San Juan, 270 SCRA 693; People vs Escober, 281 SCRA 498.
15 People vs. Guibao, 217 SCRA 64.
16 People vs. Alimon, 257 SCRA 658; People vs. Dones. 254 SCRA 696; People vs. Talaboc, 256 SCRA 441.
17 People vs.Tan, Jr. 264 SCRA 425.
18 Tsn., pp. 6-7, July 10, 1996.
19 Republic Act No. 8353, "The Anti-Rape Law of 1997," was not yet in effect when the crime was committed.
20 Sec. 14(2), Art. III, Constitution; People vs. Garcia, G.R No 129439, September 25, 1998; People vs. de Guzman, 164 SCRA 215.
21 People vs. Perez, G.R. No. 122764, prom. September 24, 1998.
22 People vs. Prades, No. 127569, prom. July 30, 1998.
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