Manila
FIRST DIVISION
G.R. No. 119930 March 12, 1998
INSULAR LIFE ASSURANCE CO., LTD., petitioner,
vs.
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION (Fourth Division, Cebu City), LABOR ARBITER NICASIO P. ANINON and PANTALEON DE LOS REYES, respondents.
BELLOSILLO, J.:
On 17 June 1994 respondent Labor Arbiter dismissed for lack of jurisdiction NLRC RAB-VII Case No. 03-0309-94 filed by private respondent Pantaleon de los Reyes against petitioner Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. (INSULAR LIFE), for illegal dismissal and nonpayment of salaries and back wages after finding no employer-employee relationship between De los Reyes and petitioner INSULAR LIFE. 1 On appeal by private respondent, the order of dismissal was reversed by the National Labor Relations Commission (NLRC) which ruled that respondent De los Reyes was an employee of petitioner.2 Petitioner's motion for reconsideration having been denied, the NLRC remanded the case to the Labor Arbiter for hearing on the merits.
Seeking relief through this special civil action for certiorari with prayer for a restraining order and/or preliminary injunction, petitioner now comes to us praying for annulment of the decision of respondent NLRC dated 3 March 1995 and its Order dated 6 April 1995 denying the motion for reconsideration of the decision. It faults NLRC for acting without jurisdiction and/or with grave abuse of discretion when, contrary to established facts and pertinent law and jurisprudence, it reversed the decision of the Labor Arbiter and held instead that the complaint was properly filed as an employer-employee relationship existed between petitioner and private respondent.
Petitioner reprises the stand it assumed below that it never had any employer-employee relationship with private respondent, this being an express agreement between them in the agency contracts, particularly reinforced by the stipulation therein that De los Reyes was allowed discretion to devise ways and means to fulfill his obligations as agent and would be paid commission fees based on his actual output. It further insists that the nature of this work status as described in the contracts had already been squarely resolved by the Court in the earlier case of Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. v. NLRC and Basiao 3 where the complainant therein, Melecio Basiao, was similarly situated as respondent De los Reyes in that he was appointed first as an agent and then promoted as agency manager, and the contracts under which he was appointed contained terms and conditions identical to those of Delos Reyes. Petitioner concludes that since Basiao was declared by the Court to be an independent contractor and not an employee of petitioner, there should be no reason why the status of De los Reyes herein vis-a-vis petitioner should not be similarly determined.
We reject the submissions of petitioner and hold that respondent NLRC acted appropriately within the bounds of the law.ℒαwρhi৷ The records of the case are replete with telltale indicators of an existing employer-employee relationship between the two parties despite written contractual disavowals.
These facts are undisputed: on 21 August 1992 petitioner entered into an agency contract with respondent Pantaleon de los Reyes4 authorizing the latter to solicit within the Philippines applications for life insurance and annuities for which he would be paid compensation in the form of commissions. The contract was prepared by petitioner in its entirety and De los Reyes merely signed his conformity thereto. It contained the stipulation that no employer-employee relationship shall be created between the parties and that the agent shall be free to exercise his own judgment as to time, place and means of soliciting insurance. De los Reyes however was prohibited by petitioner from working for any other life insurance company, and violation of this stipulation was sufficient ground for termination of the contract. Aside from soliciting insurance for the petitioner, private respondent was required to submit to the former all completed applications for insurance within ninety (90) consecutive days, deliver policies, receive and collect initial premiums and balances of first year premiums, renewal premiums, deposits on applications and payments on policy loans. Private respondent was also bound to turn over to the company immediately any and all sums of money collected by him. In a written communication by petitioner to respondent De los Reyes, the latter was urged to register with the Social Security System as a self-employed individual as provided under PD No. 1636. 5
On 1 March 1993 petitioner and private respondent entered into another contract 6 where the latter was appointed as Acting Unit Manager under its office the Cebu DSO V (157). As such, the duties and responsibilities of De los Reyes included the recruitment, training, organization and development within his designated territory of a sufficient number of qualified, competent and trustworthy underwriters, and to supervise and coordinate the sales efforts of the underwriters in the active solicitation of new business and in the furtherance of the agency's assigned goals. It was similarly provided in the management contract that the relation of the acting unit manager and/or the agents of his unit to the company shall be that of independent contractor. If the appointment was terminated for any reason other than for cause, the acting unit manager would be reverted to agent status and assigned to any unit. As in the previous agency contract, De los Reyes together with his unit force was granted freedom to exercise judgment as to time, place and means of soliciting insurance. Aside from being granted override commissions, the acting unit manager was given production bonus, development allowance and a unit development financing scheme euphemistically termed "financial assistance" consisting of payment to him of a free portion of P300.00 per month and a validate portion of P1,200.00. While the latter amount was deemed as an advance against expected commissions, the former was not and would be freely given to the unit manager by the company only upon fulfillment by him of certain manpower and premium quota requirements. The agents and underwriters recruited and trained by the acting unit manager would be attached to the unit but petitioner reserved the right to determine if such assignment would be made or, for any reason, to reassign them elsewhere.
Aside from soliciting insurance, De los Reyes was also expressly obliged to participate in the company's conservation program, i.e., preservation and maintenance of existing insurance policies, and to accept moneys duly receipted on agent's receipts provided the same were turned over to the company. As long as he was unit manager in an acting capacity, De los Reyes was prohibited from working for other life insurance companies or with the government. He could not also accept a managerial or supervisory position in any firm doing business in the Philippines without the written consent of petitioner.
Private respondent worked concurrently as agent and Acting Unit Manager until he was notified by petitioner on 18 November 1993 that his services were terminated effective 18 December 1993. On 7 March 1994 he filed a complaint before the Labor Arbiter on the ground that he was illegally dismissed and that he was not paid his salaries and separation pay.
Petitioner filed a motion to dismiss the complaint of De los Reyes for lack of jurisdiction, citing the absence of employer-employee relationship. It reasoned out that based on the criteria for determining the existence of such relationship or the so-called "four-fold test," i.e., (a) selection and engagement of employee, (b) payment of wages, (c) power of dismissal, and, (d) power of control, De los Reyes was not an employee but an independent contractor.
On 17 June 1994 the motion of petitioner was granted by the Labor Arbiter and the case was dismissed on the ground that the element of control was not sufficiently established since the rules and guidelines set by petitioner in its agency agreement with respondent Delos Reyes were formulated only to achieve the desired result without dictating the means or methods of attaining it.
Respondent NLRC however appreciated the evidence from a different perspective. It determined that respondent De los Reyes was under the effective control of petitioner in the critical and most important aspects of his work as Unit Manager. This conclusion was derived from the provisions in the contract which appointed private respondent as Acting Unit Manager, to wit: (a) De los Reyes was to serve exclusively the company, therefore, he was not an independent contractor; (b) he was required to meet certain manpower and production quota; and, (c) petitioner controlled the assignment to and removal of soliciting agents from his unit.
The NLRC also took into account other circumstances showing that petitioner exercised employer's prerogatives over De los Reyes, e.g., (a) limiting the work of respondent De los Reyes to selling a life insurance policy known as "Salary Deduction Insurance" only to members of the Philippine National Police, public and private school teachers and other employees of private companies; (b) assigning private respondent to a particular place and table where he worked whenever he was not in the field; (c) paying private respondent during the period of twelve (12) months of his appointment as Acting Unit Manager the amount of P1,500.00 as Unit Development Financing of which 20% formed his salary and the rest, i.e., 80%, as advance of his expected commissions; and, (d) promising that upon completion of certain requirements, he would be promoted to Unit Manager with the right of petitioner to revert him to agent status when warranted.
Parenthetically, both petitioner and respondent NLRC treated the agency contract and the management contract entered into between petitioner and De los Reyes as contracts of agency. We however hold otherwise. Unquestionably there exist major distinctions between the two agreements. While the first has the earmarks of an agency contract, the second is far removed from the concept of agency in that provided therein are conditionalities that indicate an employer-employee relationship. The NLRC therefore was correct in finding that private respondent was an employee of petitioner, but this holds true only insofar as the management contract is concerned. In view thereof, the Labor Arbiter has jurisdiction over the case..
It is axiomatic that the existence of an employer-employee relationship cannot be negated by expressly repudiating it in the management contract and providing therein that the "employee" is an independent contractor when the terms of the agreement clearly show otherwise. For, the employment status of a person is defined and prescribed by law and not by what the parties say it should be. 7 In determining the status of the management contract, the "four-fold test" on employment earlier mentioned has to be applied.
Petitioner contends that De los Reyes was never required to go through the pre-employment procedures and that the probationary employment status was reserved only to employees of petitioner. On this score, it insists that the first requirement of selection and engagement of the employee was not met.
A look at the provisions of the contract shows that private respondent was appointed as Acting Unit Manager only upon recommendation of the District Manager. 8 This indicates that private respondent was hired by petitioner because of the favorable endorsement of its duly authorized officer. But, this approbation could only have been based on the performance of De los Reyes as agent under the agency contract so that there can be no other conclusion arrived under this premise than the fact that the agency or underwriter phase of the relationship of De los Reyes with petitioner was nothing more than a trial or probationary period for his eventual appointment as Acting Unit Manager of petitioner. Then, again, the very designation of the appointment of private respondent as "acting" unit manager obviously implies a temporary employment status which may be made permanent only upon compliance with company standards such as those enumerated under Sec. 6 of the management contract. 9
On the matter of payment of wages, petitioner points out that respondent was compensated strictly on commission basis, the amount of which was totally dependent on his total output. But, the manager's contract, speaks differently. Thus
4. Performance Requirements. To maintain your appointment as Acting Unit Manager you must meet the following manpower and production requirements:
| Quarter | Active
Production Agents | Calendar Year
Cumulative FYP
Production |
| 1st | 2 | P 125,000 |
| 2nd | 3 | 250,000 |
| 3rd | 4 | 375,000 |
| 4th | 5 | 500,000 |
5.4. Unit Development Financing (UDF). As an Acting Unit Manager you shall be given during the first 12 months of your appointment a financial assistance which is composed of two parts:
5.4.1. Free Portion amounting to P300 per month, subject to your meeting prescribed minimum performance requirement on manpower and premium production. The free portion is not payable by you.
5.4.2. Validate Portion amounting to P1,200 per month, also subject to meeting the same prescribed minimum performance requirements on manpower and premium production. The validated portion is an advance against expected compensation during the UDF period and thereafter as may be necessary.
The above provisions unquestionably demonstrate that the performance requirement imposed on De los Reyes was applicable quarterly while his entitlement to the free portion (P300) and the validated portion (P1,200) was monthly starting on the first month of the twelve (12) months of the appointment. Thus, it has to be admitted that even before the end of the first quarter and prior to the so-called quarterly performance evaluation, private respondent was already entitled to be paid both the free and validated portions of the UDF every month because his production performance could not be determined until after the lapse of the quarter involved. This indicates quite clearly that the unit manager's quarterly performance had no bearing at all on his entitlement at least to the free portion of the UDF which for all intents and purposes comprised the salary regularly paid to him by petitioner. Thus it cannot be validly claimed that the financial assistance consisting of the free portion of the UDF was purely dependent on the premium production of the agent. Be that as it may, it is worth considering that the payment of compensation by way of commission does not militate against the conclusion that private respondent was an employee of petitioner. Under Art. 97 of the Labor Code, "wage" shall mean "however designated, capable of being expressed in terms of money, whether fixed or ascertained on a time, task, price or commission basis . . . ." 10
As to the matter involving the power of dismissal and control by the employer, the latter of which is the most important of the test, petitioner asserts that its termination of De los Reyes was but an exercise of its inherent right as principal under the contracts and that the rules and guidelines it set forth in the contract cannot, by any stretch of the imagination, be deemed as an exercise of control over the private respondent as these were merely directives that fixed the desired result without dictating the means or method to be employed in attaining it. The following factual findings of the NLRC 11 however contradict such claims:
A perusal of the appointment of complainant as Acting Unit Manager reveals that:
1. Complainant was to "exclusively" serve respondent company. Thus it is provided: . . . 7..7 Other causes of Termination: This appointment may likewise be terminated for any of the following causes: . . . 7..7..2. Your entering the service of the government or another life insurance company; 7..7..3. Your accepting a managerial or supervisory position in any firm doing business in the Philippines without the written consent of the Company; . . .
2. Complainant was required to meet certain manpower and production quotas.
3. Respondent (herein petitioner) controlled the assignment and removal of soliciting agents to and from complainant's unit, thus: . . . 7..2. Assignment of Agents: Agents recruited and trained by you shall be attached to your unit unless for reasons of Company policy, no such assignment should be made. The Company retains the exclusive right to assign new soliciting agents to the unit. It is agreed that the Company may remove or transfer any soliciting agents appointed and assigned to the said unit. . . .
It would not be amiss to state that respondent's duty to collect the company's premiums using company receipts under Sec. 7.4 of the management contract is further evidence of petitioner's control over respondent, thus:
x x x x x x x x x
7.4. Acceptance and Remittance of Premiums. . . . . the Company hereby authorizes you to accept and to receive sums of money in payment of premiums, loans, deposits on applications, with or without interest, due from policyholders and applicants for insurance, and the like, specially from policyholders of business solicited and sold by the agents attached to your unit provided however, that all such payments shall be duly receipted by you on the corresponding Company's "Agents' Receipt" to be provided you for this purpose and to be covered by such rules and accounting regulations the Company may issue from time to time on the matter. Payments received by you shall be turned over to the Company's designated District or Service Office clerk or directly to the Home Office not later than the next working day from receipt thereof . . . .
Petitioner would have us apply our ruling in Insular Life Assurance Co., Ltd. v. NLRC and Basiao12 to the instant case under the doctrine of stare decisis, postulating that both cases involve parties similarly situated and facts which are almost identical.
But we are not convinced that the cited case is on all fours with the case at bar. In Basiao, the agent was appointed Agency Manager under an Agency Manager Contract. To implement his end of the agreement, Melecio Basiao organized an agency office to which he gave the name M. Basiao and Associates. The Agency Manager Contract practically contained the same terms and conditions as the Agency Contract earlier entered into, and the Court observed that, "drawn from the terms of the contract they had entered into, (which) either expressly or by necessary implication, Basiao (was) made the master of his own time and selling methods, left to his own judgment the time, place and means of soliciting insurance, set no accomplishment quotas and compensated him on the bases of results obtained. He was not bound to observe any schedule of working hours or report to any regular station; he could seek and work on his prospects anywhere and at anytime he chose to and was free to adopt the selling methods he deemed most effective." Upon these premises, Basiao was considered as agent an independent contractor of petitioner INSULAR LIFE.
Unlike Basiao, herein respondent De los Reyes was appointed Acting Unit Manager, not agency manager. There is no evidence that to implement his obligations under the management contract, De los Reyes had organized an office. Petitioner in fact has admitted that it provided De los Reyes a place and a table at its office where he reported for and worked whenever he was not out in the field. Placed under petitioner's Cebu District Service Office, the unit was given a name by petitioner De los Reyes and Associates and assigned Code No. 11753 and Recruitment No. 109398. Under the managership contract, De los Reyes was obliged to work exclusively for petitioner in life insurance solicitation and was imposed premium production quotas. Of course, the acting unit manager could not underwrite other lines of insurance because his Permanent Certificate of Authority was for life insurance only and for no other. He was proscribed from accepting a managerial or supervisory position in any other office including the government without the written consent of petitioner. De los Reyes could only be promoted to permanent unit manager if he met certain requirements and his promotion was recommended by the petitioner's District Manager and Regional Manager and approved by its Division Manager.7!ᕼdMᗄ7 As Acting Unit Manager, De los Reyes performed functions beyond mere solicitation of insurance business for petitioner. As found by the NLRC, he exercised administrative functions which were necessary and beneficial to the business of INSULAR LIFE.
In Great Pacific Life Insurance Company v. NLRC 13 which is closer in application than Basiao to this present controversy, we found that "the relationships of the Ruiz brothers and Grepalife were those of employer-employee. First, their work at the time of their dismissal as zone supervisor and district manager was necessary and desirable to the usual business of the insurance company. They were entrusted with supervisory, sales and other functions to guard Grepalife's business interests and to bring in more clients to the company, and even with administrative functions to ensure that all collections, reports and data are faithfully brought to the company . . . . A cursory reading of their respective functions as enumerated in their contracts reveals that the company practically dictates the manner by which their jobs are to be carried out . . . ." We need elaborate no further.
Exclusivity of service, control of assignments and removal of agents under private respondent's unit, collection of premiums, furnishing of company facilities and materials as well as capital described as Unit Development Fund are but hallmarks of the management system in which herein private respondent worked. This obtaining, there is no escaping the conclusion that private respondent Pantaleon de los Reyes was an employee of herein petitioner.
WHEREFORE, the petition of Insular Life Assurance Company, Ltd., is DENIED and the Decision of the National Labor Relations Commission dated 3 March 1995 and its Order of 6 April 1996 sustaining it are AFFIRMED. Let this case be REMANDED to the Labor Arbiter a quo who is directed to hear and dispose of this case with deliberate dispatch in light of the views expressed herein.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., Vitug, Panganiban and Quisumbing, JJ., concur.
Footnotes
1 Decision penned by Labor Arbiter Nicasio C. Aninon, Rollo, p. 35.
2 Penned by Commissioner Amorito V. Anete, concurred in by Presiding Commissioner Irenea E. Ceniza and Commissioner Bernabe S. Batuhan, id., p. 45.
3 G.R. No. 84484, 15 November 1989, 179 SCRA 459.
4 Agency Contract, Rollo, p. 72.
5 Letter dated 24 August 1992 sent by petitioner through its supervisor Gracia A. Refugia to Pantaleon de los Reyes, id., p. 50.
6 Office Memorandum of petitioner dated 5 March 1993 addressed to respondent De los Reyes, id., pp. 51-57.
7 Industrial Timber Corporation v. NLRC, G.R. No. 83616, 20 January 1989, 169 SCRA 341.
8 Rollo, p. 51.
9 Ibid.
10 Cosmopolitan Funeral Homes, Inc. v. Maalat, G.R. No. 86693, 2 July 1990, 187 SCRA 109.
11 Rollo, p. 36.
12 See Note 3.
13 G.R. Nos. 80750-51, 23 July 1990, 187 SCRA 694, 698.
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