G.R. Nos. 109396-97 July 17, 1996
PEOPLE OF THE PHILIPPINES, plaintiff-appellee,
vs.
ROMEO OARGA y SISON, accused-appellant.
NARVASA, C.J.:p
This case — at least, the prosecution's version of it — tells a story made all too familiar by what seems to have become the alarming frequency of its occurrence: of a young girl fallen victim to the lewdness of one who in relation to her stood in loco parentis, if not in strict law, by all norms of acceptable conduct.
By her account, Lorelie Trinidad's ordeal started in the Evening of May 20, 1990 while asleep in the home she shared with her mother, Josephine Trinidad, three siblings, and appellant Romeo Oarga, her mother's "live-in partner" (paramour). A fan-knife (balisong) tucked at his waist, Oarga woke her up and ordered her to shed her clothes and panties, at the same time removing his trousers. Then he made made her lie down on the cement floor and, placing his knife by her side, went on top of her and forced himself into her. The pain Lorelie felt at the forcible penetration caused her to hold on convulsively to Oarga's waist and to plead with him to stop. Heedless of her pleas, he threatened her with the knife, bit her nipples and kissed her on the neck and lips. Then, evidently satiated, Oarga stood up and told her to put on her clothes, go back to sleep and not to tell her mother what happened. Lorelie felt something sticky in her thigh which she wiped off. She was not yet twelve (12) at the
time.1
That shattering experience was repeated barely a fortnight later, on June 3, 1990, this time Lorelie was watching television with her brother and sisters on the second floor of their house. Oarga summoned all of them downstairs. There, he told her brother and sisters to go back upstairs, but Lorelie to stay behind. It was about seven o'clock in the evening and her mother was out, engaged in her customary work as a laundry woman. Oarga put out the light, told Lorelie to lie down on the floor, and then sexually violated in much the same way as on the previous occasion.2
Lorelie left her house shortly afterwards, moving to Lumban, Laguna. It was not until December 1, 1990, however, that she wrote her mother to tell her that she had left home because she had been repeatedly abused by Oarga; she had not revealed this earlier because he had threatened to kill her; and she was afraid it might happen again.3
Her mother thereupon sought out Lorelie and brought her to the hospital for examination, where it was forthwith confirmed that Lorelie was no longer a virgin. Mother and daughter then repaired to the police station in Sta. Cruz, Laguna to report Romeo Oarga's rapes and give their sworn statements about these. Josephine Trinidad filed in Lorelie's behalf two complaints for rape against Romeo Oarga before the Municipal Trial Court of Sta. Cruz, Laguna, which were docketed as Criminal Cases Numbered SC-4340 and SC-4341.4
Only two (2) complaints for rape were filed against Romeo Oarga, notwithstanding Lorelie's claim that she had been sexually assaulted ten times, more or less.5
Romeo Oarga having entered a plea of not guilty on both counts, a joint trial of the cases ensued. On February 26, 1993, the Regional Trial Court, Sta. Cruz Laguna (Judge Fernando M. Paclibon, Jr. presiding) rendered a decision finding Oarga guilty beyond reasonable doubt in the two cases, the dispositive portion whereof reading as follows:
WHEREFORE, IN THE LIGHT OF ALL THE FOREGOING, the court finds the accused Romeo Oarga guilty beyond reasonable doubt as principal for the crime of rape defined and punished under Art. 335 of the Revised Penal Code and hereby imposed upon him as follows:
In Criminal Case No. SC-4340, to suffer the penalty of RECLUSION PERPETUA and to pay jointly the offended party Lorelie Trinidad and complainant-mother Josephine Trinidad the sum of P50,000.00 as MORAL DAMAGES, P25,000.00 as EXEMPLARY DAMAGES and to pay the cost.
In Criminal Case No. SC-4341, to suffer the penalty of RECLUSION PERPETUA and to pay jointly the same offended party and the same mother-complainant the sum of P50,000 as MORAL DAMAGES and P25,000.00 as EXEMPLARY DAMAGES and also to pay the cost.
SO ORDERED.6
Romeo Oarga has appealed, and before this Tribunal now seeks acquittal attributing to the Court a quo the following errors:
I. . . IN GIVING WEIGHT AND CREDENCE TO THE TESTIMONY OF PRIVATE COMPLAINANT LORELIE TRINIDAD; and
II. . . IN FINDING . . (him) GUILTY BEYOND REASONABLE OF THE CRIME OF RAPE ON TWO (2) COUNTS.
The defense contends that Lorelie Trinidad should not be believed; her testimony is not credible and not in accord with human experience. It argues that when Romeo Oarga sexually assaulted Lorelie for the first time, "she did not try to call for help or shout to attract people nearby;" when she was raped on May 20, 1990, she did not "scream or call the attention of the persons sleeping upstairs;" and when she was again raped by appellant on June 3,1990, she did not "try to resist the advances made by him" nor scream to "call the attention of the ten (10) people upstairs."
The contention is without merit. When a female under twelve years of age is the victim of rape, it is utterly of no consequence that no force or intimidation is used by the rapist, or that his prey is not deprived of reason or rendered unconscious. It suffices that there is carnal knowledge of the latter, without more. This is apparent from the terms of Article 335 of the Revised Penal Code, viz.:7
Art. 335. When and how rape is committed. — Rape is committed by having carnal knowledge of a woman under any of the following circumstances:
1. By using force or intimidation;
2. When a woman is deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious; and
3. When the woman is under twelve years of age, even though neither of the circumstances mentioned in the two next preceding paragraphs shall be present.
There is no dispute of the fact that Lorelie was born on November 4, 1978, this being evidenced by her Certificate of Live Birth, and hence, she was under twelve at the time of the commission of both rapes: May 20, 1990 and June 3, 1990. When Romeo Oarga had carnal knowledge of her on the said dates, he committed two felonies of rape, even if on neither occasion he had used force or intimidation or Lorelie been "deprived of reason or otherwise unconscious." That there was no struggle or outcry from Lorelie is not therefore exculpatory or even mitigating.
The fact is that Romeo Oarga, who is indisputably had moral dominance over Lorelie, standing as he did in the position of surrogate parent, did use force and intimidation in initiating and consummating his lascivious attacks against her — a circumstance that this Court finds amply proven by the evidence on record. He threatened her with a fan-knife (balisong) all the while he was about satisfying his lewd desires. To an innocent eleven-year old girl, that threat must have engendered a deep-seated fear that if she dared resist or try to frustrate Romeo Oarga, she, her brothers and sisters and even her mother would be killed. Intimidation is addressed to the mind of the victim and is, therefore subjective. Its presence cannot be tested by any hard-and-fast rule, but must be viewed in the light of the victim's perception and judgment at the time of the crime. The workings of the human mind under emotional stress are unpredictable; people react differently in such situations: some may shout; some may faint; some may be shocked into insensibility; others may openly welcome their intrusion.8
But such force or intimidation, as repeatedly pointed out, is not a factor in determining the existence of rape in the two cases at bar, where mere sexual conjugation suffices to give rise to the crime, the victim being under twelve. Such force or intimidation would serve merely to aggravate the liability for the offense.
After examination and analysis of the evidence, the Court agrees with the Trial Tribunal's assessment that superior credibility should be accorded to Lorelie's testimony. Her account of the concupiscent invasion of her person is simple, straightforward, believable, viz.:9
Q. Now on, May 20, 1990, do you recall of any unusual incident that transpired or happened between you and herein accused in the town of Santa Cruz?
A. Yes, sir. I was sleeping with my two sisters and one brother when he awakened me.
x x x x x x x x x
Q. And what happened after your step-father was able to wake you?
A. After he woke me up, he told me to take off what I was wearing including my panty while he took off his pants and then he told me to lie of the cement floor.
Q. Can you tell us more or less what time was that when your step-father woke you up?
A. It was already night time, I do not know the exact hour.
x x x x x x x x x
Q. What happened after that, after your step-father placed his body on top of you?
A. The same thing with the balisong knife on my side, he was making an up and down movement.
Q. What did you feel when that up and down movement was made by your step-father?
A. I felt some pain in my private part.
So, too is her narration of her harrowing experience in the night of June 3, 1990: 10
Q. What happened after your sisters and brother were told to return upstairs by your stepfather on that day June 3, 1990 at around 7:00 in the evening?
A. After I was left downstairs, he put off the light and did the same thing that I have already mentioned here.
Q. When you said he did the same thing, would you please tell us what same thing did he do to you?
A. Like, I said, after he put off the light; he told me to lie on the floor and did exactly what he did to me the first time that I narrated here.
Lorelie's testimony is corroborated by that of Dr. Gladys O. Javan who examined her and found lacerations in her vagina. Dr. Javan declared that upon examination of Lorelie's vagina admitted two (2) fingers with ease as a result of its penetration by a long object, like a penis, among others. 11 Obviously, when the victim's testimony of her violation is corroborated by the physician's findings of penetration, there is sufficient foundation to conclude the existence of the essential requisite of carnal knowledge. 12 There is moreover no persuasive evidence of a motive imputable to Lorelie to narrate anything other than the truth, or any purpose other than to obtain redress for the wrong inflicted upon her. This Court has ruled that he testimony of a rape victim is entitled to credit where she has no motive to testify falsely against the accused; 13 and credence to testimonies of young girls should not be withheld, where the facts indicate their having been victims of sexual assault. 14 As pointed out by the trial Court15:
. . [i]t is utterly lamentable that the very person legally charged with the protection and safeguarding of the person and chastity of the young and innocent offended party, was the very one who without compunction unnecessarily caused his ward to suffer the indignities, pain and humiliation of undergoing the inhuman act of defloration not only once, twice but several times.
WHEREFORE, finding no error in the judgment of the Court a quo, the Court DISMISSES the appeal therefrom and AFFIRMS said judgment in toto.
SO ORDERED.
Davide, Jr., Melo, Francisco and Panganiban, JJ., concur.
Footnotes
1 Exhibit H, Sinumpaang Salaysay, Lorelie Trinidad, Original Record, p. 7
2 Ibid.
3 Ibid.
4 Ibid.
5 Ibid.
6 Decision, February 26, 1993, Original Records, pp. 92-128
7 Emphasis supplied.
8 People vs. Matrimonio 215 SCRA 613; People vs. Cabradilla, 133 SCRA 413
9 Pp. 12-14, TSN, May 18, 1992
10 P. 18, Ibid.
11 Pp. 7-10, TSN, July 21, 1992
12 People vs. Castillo, 197 SCRA 657 (1991)
13 People vs. Cabilao, 210 SCRA 326 (1992)
14 People vs. Abuyan, Jr., 211 SCRA 662 (1992)
15 P. 35, Original Record, Decision, February 26, 1993
The Lawphil Project - Arellano Law Foundation
