Republic of the Philippines
SUPREME COURT
Manila
SECOND DIVISION
G.R. No. 200191 August 20, 2014
LOURDES C. FERNANDEZ, Petitioner,
vs.
NORMA VILLEGAS and any person acting in her behalf including her family, Respondents.
D E C I S I O N
PERLAS-BERNABE, J.:
Assailed in this petition for review on certiorari1 are the Resolutions dated June 22, 20112 and December 28, 20113 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. SP No. 116143 which dismissed the petition for review under Rule 42 of the Rules of Court4 (CA petition) due to defective verification and certification against forum shopping.
The Facts
On August 21, 2008, petitioner Lourdes C. Fernandez (Lourdes) and her sister, Cecilia Siapno (Cecilia), represented by her attorney-in-fact, Imelda S. Slater (Imelda), filed a Complaint for Ejectment5 before the Municipal Trial Court in Cities, Branch 1, Dagupan City(MTCC), docketed as Civil Case No. 15980, against respondent Norma Villegas (Norma) and any person acting in her behalf including her family (respondents), seeking to recover possession of a parcel of land situated in Guilig Street, Dagupan City covered by Transfer Certificate of Title (TCT) No. 191706 (subject property).
In their complaint, Lourdes and Cecilia(plaintiffs) averred that they are the registered owners of the subject property on which both Lourdes and respondents previously lived under oneroof. However, when their house was destroyed by typhoon "Cosme," Lourdes transferred to a nipahut on the same lot, while Norma, Cecilia’s daughter-in-law, and her family were advised to relocate but, in the meantime, allowed to use a portion thereof.7 Instead, respondents erecteda house thereon over plaintiffs’ objections and, despite demands, refused to vacate and surrender possession of the subject property.8 The dispute was referred to the Barangay Office of Pugo9 Chico and the Public Attorney’s Office, both of Dagupan City, but no settlement was reached.10
For their part, respondents, in their Answer,11 averred that the complaint stated no cause of action,considering that Lourdes has no standing to question their possession ofthe subject property as she had already donated her portion in favor of Cecilia,12 adding too that the latter is bound by her declaration that"the house and lot belong[s] to Eddie," who is Norma’s late husband.13 Respondents further asserted that there was no compliance with the required conciliation and mediation under the Katarungang Pambarangay Law14 as no Certificate to File Action was attached to the complaint,15 thereby rendering the complaint dismissible.
The MTCC Ruling
In a Decision16 dated September 30, 2009,the MTCC found that respondents failed to impugn the validity of plaintiffs’ ownership over the subject property. As owners, plaintiffs therefore have the right to enjoy the use and receive the fruits from the saidproperty, as well as to exclude one from its enjoyment pursuant to Articles 428 and 429 of the Civil Code.17 Accordingly, the MTCC ordered respondents to: (a) vacate the subject property and pay plaintiffs the amount of ₱1,000.00 per month as reasonable compensation for the use and occupation of the portion of the lot occupied by them, reckoned from the filing of the complaint; (b) pay plaintiffs ₱10,000.00 as attorney’s fees; and (c) pay the cost of suit.18
Dissatisfied with the MTCC’s ruling, respondents filed an appeal19 before the Regional Trial Court ofDagupan City (RTC), Branch 40, docketed as Civil Case No. 2009-0224-D.
The RTC Ruling
In a Decision20 dated March 16, 2010, the RTC, Branch 40 granted respondents’ appeal and ordered the dismissal of plaintiffs’ complaint based on the following grounds: (a) there was no substantial compliance with the mandatory conciliation and mediation process before the barangay, especially considering that the parties are very close relatives;21 and (b) respondents are builders in good faith and cannot be summarily ejected from the subject property without compliance with the provisions of Articles 448, 546, and 548 of the Civil Code.22
The RTC, Branch 40 further ordered plaintiffs to jointly and severally pay respondents the amount of ₱50,000.00 as attorney’s fees.23
Aggrieved, plaintiffs filed a motion for reconsideration24 which was denied by the RTC, Branch 4425 in a Resolution26 dated August 18, 2010, prompting the filing of the CA petition.
The CA Proceedings
In response to plaintiffs’ CA petition, respondents filed a Motion to Dismiss Appeal on the grounds that: (a) Cecilia failed to personally verify the petition; and (b) the appeal is dilatory.27 In their comment, plaintiffs maintained that Lourdes, as co-owner of the subject property, has the right tofile an ejectment case by herself, without joining her co-owner, Cecilia, as provided under Article 487 of the Civil Code. Moreover, Lourdes was specially authorized by Imelda to file the CA petition.28
In a Resolution29 dated June 22, 2011, the CA granted respondents’ Motion to Dismiss Appeal, holding that the verification and certification30 against forum shopping attached to the CA petition was defective since it was signed only by Lourdes, one of the plaintiffs in the case, in violation of Section 5,31 Rule 7 of the Rules of Court which requires all the plaintiffs to sign the same.32 There was also no showing that Lourdes was authorized by her co-plaintiff, Cecilia, to represent the latter and to sign the said certification, and neither did the submission of the special powers of attorney of Cecilia and Imelda to that effect constitute substantial compliance with the rules.33 The CA further noted that plaintiffs failed to comply with its prior Resolution dated October 11, 2010 requiring the submission of an amended verification/certification against forum shopping within five (5) days from notice, warranting the dismissal of the CA petition on this score.34
At odds with the CA’s resolution, plaintiffs sought reconsideration35 but the same was denied in a Resolution36 dated December 28, 2011, hence, the instant petition filed by Lourdes alone.
The Issue Before the Court
The primordial issue in this case is whether or not the CA erred in dismissing outright the CA petition due to a defective verification and certification against forum shopping attached to the CA petition.
The Court’s Ruling
The present petition has merit.
The Court laid down the following guidelines with respect to noncompliance with the requirements on or submission of a defective verification and certification against forum shopping, viz.:
1) A distinction must be madebetween non-compliance with the requirement on or submission of defective verification, and noncompliance with the requirement on or submission of defective certification against forum shopping.
2) As to verification, non-compliance therewith or a defect therein does not necessarily render the pleading fatally defective. The court may order its submission or correction or act on the pleading if the attending circumstances are such that strictcompliance with the Rule may be dispensed with in order that the endsof justice may be served thereby.
3) Verification is deemed substantially compliedwith when one who has ample knowledge to swear tothe truth of the allegations in the complaint or petition signs the verification, and when matters alleged in the petition have been made in goodfaith or are true and correct.
4) As to certification against forum shopping, non-compliance therewith or a defect therein, unlike in verification, is generally not curable by its subsequent submission orcorrection thereof, unless there is a need to relax the Rule on the ground of "substantial compliance" or presence of "special circumstances or compelling reasons."
5) The certification against forum shopping must be signed by all the plaintiffs or petitioners in a case; otherwise, those who did not sign will be dropped as parties to the case. Under reasonable or justifiable circumstances, however, as when all the plaintiffs or petitioners share a common interestand invoke a common cause of action or defense, the signature of only one of them in the certification against forum shopping substantially complies with the Rule.
6) Finally, the certification against forum shopping must be executed by the party-pleader, not by his counsel. If, however, for reasonable or justifiable reasons, the party-pleader is unable to sign, he must execute a Special Power of Attorney designating his counsel of record to sign on his behalf.37 (Emphases supplied)
Applying these guidelines to the caseat bar, particularly, those stated in paragraphs 3 and 5 highlighted above, the Court finds that the CA committed reversible error in dismissing the CA petition due to a defective verification and certification against forum shopping.
A. Substantial Compliance with the Verification Requirement.
It is undisputed that Lourdes is not only a resident of the subject property but is a co-owner thereof together with her co-plaintiff/sister, Cecilia. As such, she is "one who has ample knowledge to swear to the truth of the allegations in the x x x [CA] petition" and is therefore qualified to "sign x x x the verification" attached thereto in view of paragraph 3 of the above-said guidelines.1âwphi1
In fact, Article 487 of the Civil Code explicitly provides that any of the co-owners may bring an action for ejectment, without the necessity of joining all the other co-owners as co-plaintiffs because the suit is deemed to be instituted for the benefit of all.38 To reiterate, both Lourdes and Cecilia are co-plaintiffs in the ejectment suit. Thus, they share a commonality of interest and cause of action as against respondents. Notably, even the petition for review filed before the CA indicated that they are the petitioners therein and that the same was filed on their behalf. Hence, the lone signature of Lourdes on the verification attached to the CA petition constituted substantial compliance with the rules.39 As held in the case of Medado v. Heirs of the Late Antonio Consing:40
[W]here the petitioners are immediate relatives, who share a common interestin the property subject of the action, the fact that only one of the petitioners executed the verification or certification of forum shopping will not deter the court from proceeding with the action.41 (Emphases and underscoring supplied)
Besides, it is settled that the verification of a pleading is only a formal, not a jurisdictional requirement intended to secure the assurance that the matters alleged in a pleading are true and correct. Therefore, the courts may simply order the correction of the pleadings oract on them and waive strict compliance with the rules,42 as in this case.
B. Substantial Compliance with the Certification Against Forum Shopping Requirement.
Following paragraph 5 of the guidelinesas aforestated, there was also substantial compliance with the certification against forum shopping requirement, notwithstanding the fact that only Lourdes signed the same.
It has been held that under reasonable or justifiable circumstances - as in this case where the plaintiffs or petitioners share a common interest and invoke a common cause of action or defense - the rule requiring all such plaintiffs or petitioners to sign the certification against forum shopping may be relaxed.43 Consequently, the CA erred in dismissing the petition on this score.
Similar to the rules on verification, the rules on forum shopping are designed to promote and facilitate the orderly administration of justice; hence, it should not be interpreted with such absolute literalness as to subvert its own ultimate and legitimate objectives. The requirement of strict compliance with the provisions on certification against forum shopping merely underscores its mandatory nature to the effect that the certification cannot altogether be dispensed with or its requirements completely disregarded. It does not prohibit substantial compliance with the rules under justifiable circumstances,44 as also in this case.
As there was substantial compliance with the above-discussed procedural requirements at the onset, plaintiffs' subsequent failure to file an amended verification and certification, as directed by the October 11, 2010 CA Resolution, should not have warranted the dismissal of the CA petition.
WHEREFORE, the petition is GRANTED. The Resolutions dated January 22, 2011 and December 28, 2011 of the Court of Appeals (CA) in CA-G.R. SP No. 116143 are hereby REVERSED and SET ASIDE. Accordingly, the case is REINSTATED and REMANDED to the CA for proper and immediate disposition.
SO ORDERED.
ESTELA M. PERLAS-BERNABE
Associate Justice
WE CONCUR:
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
Chairperson
PRESBITERO J. VELASCO, JR.*
Associate Justice |
MARIANO C. DEL CASTILLO
Associate Justice |
JOSE PORTUGAL PEREZ
Associate Justice
A T T E S T A T I O N
I attest that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court's Division.
ANTONIO T. CARPIO
Associate Justice
Chairperson, Second Division
C E R T I F I C A T I O N
Pursuant to Section 13, Article VIII of the Constitution, and the Division Chairperson's Attestation, I certify that the conclusions in the above Decision had been reached in consultation before the case was assigned to the writer of the opinion of the Court's Division.
MARIA LOURDES P. A. SERENO
Chief Justice
Footnotes
* Designated Additional Member per Special Order No. 1757 dated August 20, 2014.
1 Rollo, pp. 23-37.
2 Id. at 40-43. Penned by Associate Justice Agnes Reyes-Carpio, with Associate Justices Fernanda Lampas Peralta and Priscilla J. Baltazar-Padilla, concurring.
3 Id. at 44-45.
4 Id. at 48-59.
5 Id. at 60-64.
6 Id. at 68.
7 Id. at 61.
8 Id. at 123.
9 Spelled as "Pogo" in some parts of the records.
10 Rollo, p. 124. See also id. at 62.
11 (With Compulsory Counterclaim) dated October 7, 2008. (Id. at 71-76.)
12 Id. at 73-74.
13 Id. at 72.
14 Presidential Decree No. 1508 (1978) entitled "ESTABLISHING A SYSTEM OF AMICABLY SETTLING DISPUTES AT THE BARANGAY LEVEL."
15 Rollo, p. 73. Citing the case of Ledesma v. CA, July 23, 1992, 211 SCRA 753.
16 Id. at 123-129. Penned by Judge Junius F. Dalaten.
17 Id. at 127-128.
18 Id. at 128.
19 Appeal Brief for Ejectment dated December 18, 2009. (Id.at 137-146.)
20 Id. at 148-156. Penned by Judge Robert O. Rudio.
21 Id. at 151.
22 Id. at 154-155.
23 Id. at 156.
24 With Motion to Inhibit filed on April 13, 2010. (Id. at 157-162.)
25 The case was re-raffled to another Court, i.e., RTC, Branch 44, in an Order dated July 26, 2010; id. at 165.
26 Id. at 164-167. Penned by Judge Genoveva Coching-Maramba.
27 Id. at 41.
28 Id. at 41-42.
29 Id. at 40-43.
30 Id. at 58.
31 SEC. 5. Certification against forum shopping. – The plaintiff or principal party shall certify under oath in the complaint or other initiatory pleading asserting a claim for relief, or in a sworn certification annexed thereto and simultaneously filed therewith: (a) that he has not theretofore commenced any action or filed any claim involving the same issues in any court, tribunal or quasi-judicial agency and, to the best of his knowledge, no such other action or claim is pending therein; (b) if there is such other pending action or claim, a complete statement of the present status thereof; and (c) if he should thereafter learn that the same or similar action or claim has been filed or is pending, he shall report that fact within five (5) days therefrom to the court wherein his aforesaid complaint or initiatory pleading has been filed.
Failure to comply with the foregoing requirementsshall not be curable by mere amendment of the complaint or other initiatory pleading but shall be cause for the dismissal of the case without prejudice, unless otherwise provided, upon motion and after hearing. x x x.
32 Rollo, p. 42.
33 Id. at 42-43.
34 Id. at 43.
35 Id. at 168-171.
36 Motion for reconsideration dated July 11, 2011. (Id. at 44-45.)
37 Ingles v. Estrada, G.R. Nos. 141809, 147186, and 173641, April 8, 2013, 695 SCRA 285, 317-319, citing Altres v. Empleo, 594 Phil. 246, 261-262 (2008).
38 Mendoza v. Coronel,G.R. No. 156402, February 13, 2006, 482 SCRA 353, 358, citing Tolentino, Arturo M., Commentaries and Jurisprudence on the Civil Code of the Philippines, Vol. II (1992), further citing Sering v. Plazo, 248 Phil. 315 (1988).
39 See Iglesia ni Cristo v. Judge Ponferrada, 536 Phil. 705, 719-721 (2006); Calo v. Villanueva, G.R. No. 153756, January 30, 2006, 480 SCRA 561, 567; and Cavile v. Heirs of Cavile, 448 Phil. 302, 311-312 (2003).
40 G.R. No. 186720, February 8, 2012, 665 SCRA 534.
41 Id. at 545.
42 Id. at 546. (Emphasis and underscoring supplied)
43 ngles v. Estrada, supra note 37, at 321. See also Heirs of Lazaro Gallardo v. Soliman, G.R. No. 178952, April 10, 2013, 695 SCRA 453, 462.
44 Bautista v. Causapin, Jr., A.M. No. RTJ-07-2044, June 22, 2011, 652 SCRA 442, 454, citing Cavile v. Heirs of Cavile, supra note 39, at 311.
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